A Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Benefits of Drone-Based Delivery Services in Urban and Rural Areas

Park, Jiyoon; Kim, Solhee; Suh, Kyo

doi:10.3390/su10030888

Cited by 95 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The inventory database of the 10 ton truck and barge ship was collected from Agri-footprint and the 2.5 ton truck transport was based on the Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (KEITI). The government has analyzed the Korean database for LCA since 1995 because of the "Enforcement Decree of the Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act" [27,28]. Table 3 show that the sources of inventory data for waste treatment.…”

Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Footprint of Packaging Films Made from LDPE, PLA, and PLA/PBAT Blends in South Korea

2018

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Bio-plastics such as polylactic acid (PLA) have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. In this study, the carbon footprint of packaging films made from LDPE, PLA, and PLA/PBAT blends was measured with three different waste scenarios based on the database of South Korea using life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA followed ISO standards, and was a cradle-to-grave analysis. The functional unit was defined as 400,000 pieces of a film of 300 × 250 mm with thickness of 0.06 mm for packaging bag manufacturing. The waste treatments considered were incineration, landfill, and recycling applied with the present conditions of South Korea. Under the present analysis conditions, the PLA film with landfill was the most effective for reducing carbon emission. The PLA/PBAT with incineration was the worst case among the packaging films tested. Incineration was the worst choice of waste treatment in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. Generally, landfill may not be the best option in terms of sustainability but landfill was a better option for waste treatment than incineration. In addition, before bio-plastics are blended with other material, the blending material should first be evaluated for its environmental impact. The blended bio-plastics with PLA, such as PLA/PBAT, can be more inimical to the environment in terms of carbon dioxide emissions than existing materials, such as LDPE.

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Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Footprint of Packaging Films Made from LDPE, PLA, and PLA/PBAT Blends in South Korea

2018

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“…Their system uses traditional delivery vehicles (GVs) as launch points for drones, which is also a GV-along-with-UAV system. Park et al [48] compared drone and motorcycle deliveries of pizzas in rural and urban areas in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and exhausted particulates. The drone delivery as well as the Sustainability 2019, 11, 5932 5 of 15 motorcycle delivery have one destination from the departure point and, thus, neither multi-hopping of drones nor consideration of the travel route for both drones and motorbikes is necessary.…”

Section: Routing With Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Investigation on the Sustainability of UAV Logistics

et al. 2019

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to make groundbreaking changes in the logistics industry. Leading logistics companies have been developing and testing their usage of UAVs recently as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective option. In this paper, we investigate how much the UAV delivery service is environmentally friendly compared to the traditional ground vehicle (GV) delivery service. Since there are fuel (battery) and loadable weight restrictions in the UAV delivery, multi-hopping of UAV is necessary, which may cause a large consumption of electrical energy. We present a two-phase approach. In Phase I, a new vehicle routing model to obtain optimal delivery schedules for both UAV-alone and GV-alone delivery systems is proposed, which considers each system's restrictions, such as the max loadable weight and fuel replenishment. In Phase II, CO 2 emissions are computed as a sustainability measure based on the travelling distance of the optimal route obtained from Phase I, along with various GV travel-speeds. A case study finds that the UAV-alone delivery system is much more CO 2 efficient in all ranges of the GV speeds investigated.

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“…With the continuous development of UAVs, the use of this technology in civilian commercial and military fields is increasing. Path planning and routing problems are common in the domain of commercial UAVs such as logistics drones [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. For the defense field, its role in performing intelligence reconnaissance, combat strikes and other operations continues to be revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Equilibrium Optimizer with Application in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning

Tang

Han

Huan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning problem is a type of complex multi-constraint optimization problem that requires a reasonable mathematical model and an efficient path planning algorithm. In this paper, the fitness function including fuel consumption cost, altitude cost, and threat cost is established. There are also four set constraints including maximum flight distance, minimum flight altitude, maximum turn angle, and maximum climb angle. The constrained optimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem by using the penalty function introduced. To solve the model, a multiple population hybrid equilibrium optimizer (MHEO) is proposed. Firstly, the population is divided into three subpopulations based on fitness and different strategies are executed separately. Secondly, a Gaussian distribution estimation strategy is introduced to enhance the performance of MHEO by using the dominant information of the populations to guide the population evolution. The equilibrium pool is adjusted to enhance population diversity. Furthermore, the Lévy flight strategy and the inferior solution shift strategy are used to help the algorithm get rid of stagnation. The CEC2017 test suite was used to evaluate the performance of MHEO, and the results show that MHEO has a faster convergence speed and better convergence accuracy compared to the comparison algorithms. The path planning simulation experiments show that MHEO can steadily and efficiently plan flight paths that satisfy the constraints, proving the superiority of the MHEO algorithm while verifying the feasibility of the path planning model.

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A Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Benefits of Drone-Based Delivery Services in Urban and Rural Areas

Cited by 95 publications

References 25 publications

Carbon Footprint of Packaging Films Made from LDPE, PLA, and PLA/PBAT Blends in South Korea

Carbon Footprint of Packaging Films Made from LDPE, PLA, and PLA/PBAT Blends in South Korea

Mathematical Investigation on the Sustainability of UAV Logistics

An Improved Equilibrium Optimizer with Application in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning

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