A comparative analysis of suicides in Greece's main port city area of Piraeus before (2006–2010) and during (2011–2015) the country's severe economic crisis

Paraschakis, Antonios; Michopoulos, Ioannis; Efstathiou, Vasiliki; Boyokas, Ilias; Douzenis, Athanassios

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2018.02.020

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They observed a slight decrease in the absolute numbers of suicides during the economic crisis, along with a higher medication intake within the same period. This finding indicates that more individuals were willing to accept their psychological difficulties and/or to commence treatment (Paraschakis et al, 2018). However Christodoulou et al (2017), who also analyzed forensic records to study the relationship between seasonality of suicides and economic crisis, reported that after the period of 2011 to 2012 the seasonality of suicides increased, especially among males >45 years old.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Paraschakis et al (2018) used forensic records to study the absolute numbers of suicides from 2006 to 2010 in comparison from 2011 to 2015. They observed a slight decrease in the absolute numbers of suicides during the economic crisis, along with a higher medication intake within the same period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve studies examined the relationship between unemployment and suicide rate (Antonakakis & Collins, 2014; Christodoulou et al, 2017; Fountoulakis, 2019, 2020; Fountoulakis et al, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016; Madianos et al, 2014; Paraschakis et al, 2018; Rachiotis et al, 2015; Vandoros & Kavetsos, 2015). In ten of these studies, suicide rate was positively correlated with unemployment to the economic crisis period (Antonakakis & Collins, 2014; Fountoulakis, 2019, 2020; Fountoulakis et al, 2014, 2015; Madianos et al, 2014; Paraschakis et al, 2018; Rachiotis et al, 2015; Kondilis et al, 2013; Vandoros & Kavetsos, 2015). One regional study in Thessaloniki showed a negative association between suicide and unemployment rates (Fountoulakis et al, 2016) while in another study, which included data until 2010, the suicidal rates appear to be unrelated to the socioeconomic environment (Fountoulakis et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this unprecedented economic recession period, suicide mortality increases were described across several geographic regions in Greece (Basta et al,2018; Christodoulou et al, 2017; Fountoulakis et al, 2015; Paraschakis et al, 2018; Rachiotis et al, 2015). However, a knowledge gap exists on whether and how socioeconomic determinants were associated with rising suicide mortality rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Employment and suicidal rates during economic recession: A country-targeted integrative review

Kamekis

Rachiotis

Markaki

et al. 2020

Int J Soc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The economic crisis’ effects on suicide rates for countries undergoing or exiting austerity measures have been widely debated. This integrative review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize available evidence of employment status effect on suicide mortality rates in Greece during the recent economic recession period. Methods: A literature review of studies evaluating suicides in the general Greek population, as well as across age and gender groups, in relation to employment during the economic crisis period was performed. PubMed electronic database was searched for relevant articles published in English or Greek language from 2009 up to February 2020. Appraisal was carried out based on the Hierarchy of Evidence Rating System and the GRADE guidelines. Results: A total of 24 articles met all inclusion criteria with 20 of them at level IV, 2 at level VII, and 2 at level VIII. A total of 18 studies reported increase of suicide rates during the economic recession period. About 12 studies examined the co-relation between unemployment and suicide rate, with ten studies showing a positive correlation. Moreover, thirteen studies reported data on the effect of gender and age variables on suicide rates. Conclusion: Evidence shows that suicide mortality rates in Greece increased after the eruption of economic recession, particularly after the implementation of radical austerity measures (2011–2014). This increase was positively correlated with unemployment and was more prominent among males of working age. Further in depth epidemiological research of regional variations in terms of profile and contributing or enabling factors of suicidal behavior is needed.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Employment and suicidal rates during economic recession: A country-targeted integrative review

Kamekis

Rachiotis

Markaki

et al. 2020

Int J Soc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During 2017, the number of deaths attributed to accidental poisoning by exposure to noxious substances (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ICD‐10 codes: X40‐X49) in Greece was limited to 268 cases, the relative majority of which affected people aged between 35 and 39 years (19.8%) with an overrepresentation of males (80.2%) [16]. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of suicide victims in the city of Athens detected a significant increase in the use of psychiatric drugs among suicide victims during the financial crisis, combined with a relative but not significant rise in cannabis and opioid use [17‐19]. Regarding the variation of the detected substances on an annual basis, research data disclosed a peak in the percentage of positive samples for the year 2011 for all substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of patterns and dynamics of substance users: A long‐term toxicology study on a sample of the Greek population between 2005 and 2019

Karakasi

Kevrekidis

Voultsos

et al. 2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the present study is to investigate dynamics underlying drug abuse and identify statistical correlations/patterns of forensic findings and sociodemographic factors in a population of illicit substance users. The following long-term studies were conducted:(a) a retrospective autopsy cohort study on autopsy incidents with available toxicological screening results (N = 482) in investigation of any possible forensic associations of exposure to illicit drugs; and (b) a cross-sectional study on a sample of arrested drug law offenders with available toxicological screening results (N = 195) as well as cluster analysis in order to possibly identify user profiles. Although outside the scope of the present study, ethanol was generally considered to be the main substance of abuse, as more than half of the premature deaths reported tested positive on the ethanol toxicology screen. Cannabis and opioid use was associated with unintentional causes of death, while an association of deliberate self-harm was noted with opioid and benzodiazepine use. Both cannabis and opioid use correlated with significantly younger ages (more than a decade) of premature death. Most frequently, an onset of substance use was reported in the early 20s with cannabis use. Although 65.3% of the subjects were diagnosed as dependent and unable to eliminate substance use on their own, only 7.7% of the subjects in the users' population had ever accessed appropriate support through rehabilitation programs.

show abstract

Characteristics of completed suicides after Greek financial crisis onset: A comparative time-series analysis study

Paraschakis¹,

Karageorgiou

Efstathiou

et al. 2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A comparative analysis of suicides in Greece's main port city area of Piraeus before (2006–2010) and during (2011–2015) the country's severe economic crisis

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Employment and suicidal rates during economic recession: A country-targeted integrative review

Employment and suicidal rates during economic recession: A country-targeted integrative review

Investigation of patterns and dynamics of substance users: A long‐term toxicology study on a sample of the Greek population between 2005 and 2019

Characteristics of completed suicides after Greek financial crisis onset: A comparative time-series analysis study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About