A comparative analysis of dispersal syndromes in terrestrial and semi‐terrestrial animals

Stevens, Virginie M.; Whitmee, Sarah; Galliard, Jean‐François Le; Clobert, Jean; Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin; Bonte, Dries; Brändle, Martin; Dehling, D. Matthias; Hof, Christian; Trochet, Audrey; Baguette, Michel

doi:10.1111/ele.12303

Cited by 214 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…Much of the variation in dispersal can typically be attributed to variation in the life-history, morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits that underlie dispersal ability and constitute a dispersal syndrome (Ronce & Clobert 2012;Stevens et al 2014). Spatial assortative mating has been postulated as a mechanism that leads to significant shifts in dispersal ability and to the phenotypic traits that affect dispersal at range edges (Phillips et al 2006;Shine et al 2011;Chuang & Peterson 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accurate identification of patterns of covariation among dispersal and other morphological, physiological, behavioural, and life-history traits can facilitate understanding of the proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal across diverse taxa (Stevens et al 2014).…”

Section: Dispersal Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An animal's size is often related to a range of physiological and fitness-related traits, including metabolic rate (White & Kearney 2013), predation success (Blanckenhorn 2000), mate choice (Jennions & Petrie 1997), fecundity (Honĕk 1993), and movement propensity (Stevens et al 2014 interactions between the phenotype, population structure, and the environment. In invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina), dispersive individuals at the edge of their range that had a stronger propensity to move had longer bodies and greater endurance (Llewelyn et al 2010), and relatively longer legs (Phillips et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphological, physiological, behavioural, personality, or life-history traits generally display covariation in a dispersal context due to mechanistic links among traits or pleiotropic effects of underlying genes. For example, body size scales with locomotor apparatus size and thus individuals that are larger are typically expected to have a greater dispersal capacity (Stevens et al 2014; Chapter 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I aimed to determine, by spatial assortative mating, the evolutionary dynamics of traits that are predicted to constitute a dispersal syndrome, using T. castaneum over seven generations of artificial selection for and against dispersal success. The literature concerning dispersal syndromes describes general characteristics associated with disperser and resident traits (Ronce & Clobert 2012;Stevens et al 2014;Chuang & Peterson 2016), particularly body size, locomotion apparatus size, and MR. In Chapter 3, I found significant positive associations among movement traits within a maze and relative leg length, but not body size or MR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

Arnold¹

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Dispersal, defined as any movement of an individual over various spatial scales that may contribute to gene flow, is an essential component of species ecology. It provides a mechanism that allows organisms to track optimal environmental conditions, regulate population density and interactions with conspecifics, and colonise new areas. Dispersal ability varies widely among individuals, and this variation has been strongly linked to a suite of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits that together constitute a dispersal syndrome. The evolution of dispersal-related traits can occur not only by natural selection, but also by spatial sorting, where individuals that have traits facilitating their dispersal accumulate at range edges and are limited proximally to mating with other dispersive individuals. The relationships among traits constituting the dispersal syndrome, their dynamics with age, and evolution under spatial selection on dispersal have not been comprehensively explored. Furthermore, integrating evolution into the study of dispersal is imperative to understand the mechanisms that select or constrain the evolution of dispersalrelated traits. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate a suite of physiological, morphological, and movement behaviour traits associated with the dispersal syndrome using a model system: laboratory dispersal apparatuses and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle).The research presented in this thesis focused on the following traits: body size, locomotor apparatus size, metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, and movement behaviour in a maze (including speed, path length, displacement distance, and behavioural intermittence). The first specific aim was to determine how the onset of sexual maturity and age throughout early life affects dispersal-related traits (Chapter 2). I found that prior to sexual maturity, T. castaneum have low metabolic rate and moved significantly less than mature ones. The low energy expenditure was attributable to reduced energy demand and inactivity, which was hypothesised to be a protective mechanism while the cuticle is undergoing sclerotisation.The second specific aim was to determine the relationships among metabolic rate, body size, relative leg length and different movement behaviour traits (Chapter 3). A dominant axis of movement ability described variation in several movement traits and was positively related to relative leg length, but unrelated to body size or metabolic rate. A mechanistic relationship ii between stride length and movement ability is therefore likely. The data suggested that the dispersal syndrome may be more strongly tied to morphology rather than physiology.The third specific aim was to investigate the dispersal rate of T. castaneum through threepatch dispersal apparatuses to determine which design would be most effective for artificial selection on the basis of dispersal success (Chapter 4). The distance and slope of the tubing that connected between patches significantly affected dispersal rate, therefo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersal Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

Arnold¹

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Dispersal by gray ratsnakes: Effects of sex, age and time

Blouin‐Demers

2020

Population Ecology

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Dispersal is one of the most fundamental components of ecology. Dispersal is also particularly relevant in an era of unprecedented habitat loss and climate change. We used a unique dataset to examine dispersal in gray ratsnakes (Pantherophis spiloides). Over a decade, we marked and released >1,500 hatchlings while monitoring the population of ratsnakes over a large area (≈1,900 ha). We tested the hypotheses that dispersal should be (a) largely restricted to within the local population given previous genetic evidence of limited gene flow at greater distances and (b) male biased because male gray ratsnakes are under strong sexual selection. We recaptured 69 gray ratsnakes that had been marked as hatchlings after periods ranging from 1 day to 11 years. We found that dispersal distance increased with time, but was not significantly sex‐biased, and that gray ratsnakes are extremely faithful to their communal hibernacula (only 2.8% of 497 juvenile and adult ratsnakes captured at least twice at communal hibernacula changed sites between years). Thus, dispersal is largely limited to the period from hatching until an individual joins a communal hibernaculum. Based on the spatial patterns of dispersal we observed, the most plausible explanation for dispersal is that hatchling ratsnakes disperse from their natal site to join a neighboring communal hibernaculum. Our study yielded the most reliable data on dispersal distances from birth by a snake to date.

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Environmental filtering drives the assembly of mammal communities in a heterogeneous Mediterranean region

Suárez-Tangil

Rodrı́guez

2023

Ecological Applications

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Agricultural expansion and intensification are major drivers of global change. Quantifying the importance of different processes governing the assembly of local communities in agroecosystems is essential to guide the conservation effort allocated to enhancing habitat connectivity, improving habitat quality or managing species interactions. We used multiple detection methods to record the occurrence of medium‐sized and large‐sized mammals in three managed landscapes of a heterogeneous Mediterranean region. Then we used a joint species distribution model to evaluate the relative influence of dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, and interspecific interactions on the local assembly of mammal communities in 4‐km2 plots. The partitioning of the explained variation in species occurrence was attributed on average 99% to environmental filters and 1% to dispersal filters. No role was attributed to biotic filters, in agreement with the scarce support for strong competition or other negative interactions found after a literature review. Four principal environmental factors explained on average 63% of variance in species occurrence and operated mainly at the landscape scale. The amount of shrub cover in the neighboring landscape was the most influential factor favoring mammal occurrence and accounted for nearly one‐third of the total variance. The proportion of intensively managed croplands and proxies of human activity within landscape samples limited mammal presence. At the microhabitat scale (~80 m2 plots) the mean percentage area deprived of woody vegetation also had a negative effect. Functional traits such as body mass or social behavior accounted for a substantial fraction of the variation attributed to environmental factors. We concluded that multiscale environmental filtering governed local community assembly, whereas the role of dispersal limitation and interspecific interactions was negligible. Our results suggest that further removal of shrubland, the expansion of intensive agriculture, and the increase of human activity are expected to result in species losses. The fact that community integrity responds to a single type of ecological process simplifies practical recommendations. Management strategies should focus on the conservation and restoration of shrubland, adopting alternatives to intensive schemes of agricultural production, and minimizing recreational and other human activities in remnant natural habitats within agroecosystems or mosaic landscapes.

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A comparative analysis of dispersal syndromes in terrestrial and semi‐terrestrial animals

Cited by 214 publications

References 79 publications

Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

Dispersal by gray ratsnakes: Effects of sex, age and time

Environmental filtering drives the assembly of mammal communities in a heterogeneous Mediterranean region

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