A compact X-ray tube with a field emitter based on carbon nanotubes

Musatov, A. L.; Gulyaev, Yu. V.; Izrael’yants, K. R.; Kukovitskii, E. F.; Киселев, Н.А.; Maslennikov, O.Yu.; Guzilov, I. A.; Ormont, A. B.; Chirkova, E. G.

doi:10.1134/s1064226907060186

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…11) were installed into small-sized X-ray tube and have demonstrated stable characteristics of the emitter current in the direct current mode. 32,33 A distinguishing feature of cold cathodes produced in this manner is identity of their emission characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Kukovitsky

L’vov

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Experimental study of carbon deposition and carbon nanotube growth between stacked metallic substrates was conducted. The batch chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor was used with polyethylene as the carbon precursor. Increased carbon deposition was established on surfaces between stacked nickel substrates as compared to surfaces facing to open spaces. In general case carbon films deposited between substrates were not uniform giving rise to complicated profiles. The simple diffusion-reaction scheme gives carbon film thickness profiles closely resembling those experimentally observed. This similarity is considered as evidence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction sequences proceeding in narrow gap between catalytically active surfaces. Increased carbon nanotube growth was believed to occur as a result of the involvement of hydrocarbon radicals generated by the catalyst surface with subsequent release into the gas phase. Radicals accelerate gas-phase reactions providing reactive intermediates. Ultimately catalytic gas phase activation in the confined space promotes increased carbon formation. An explanation of the experimental results is proposed and a practical application was demonstrated.Carbon films and layers on supporting substrates are perspective components for an increasing number of potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the preferred method to produce carbon films on substrates. For carbon materials obtained by CVD process carbon species and their properties are determined by the interacting influences of hydrodynamics and chemical kinetics, which in turn depend on the reactor type, process conditions (chemical precursor, temperature, temperature gradients, pressure), surface catalytic properties and may be affected also by extrinsic factors as gas or surface impurities, surface configuration and surface morphology. The vast majority of experimental works to produce carbon films or layers has been made using the crystalline silicon as a substrate. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNT) are frequently being synthesized on silicon with coated catalyst (Ni, Fe, Co and alloys). This is commonly justified by the need for compatibility with technologies of modern microelectronics. There exist, however, many applications for which the use of metallic substrates is preferable to other materials or essential for device performance. The considerable effort has been devoted to the synthesis of CVD diamond films on metal substrates at low temperatures and pressures. 1-3 Such films have great potential for applications in microelectronic devices, as tools, heat sinks, hard coatings, corrosion and wear resistant surfaces. CVD techniques for producing diamond films require a means of activating gas-phase carbon-containing precursor molecules. Thermal or plasma activation procedures generate hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals which participate in surface chemical reactions resulting in film growth. In fact, the same procedures are now widely used in nanotube CVD processes to low synthesis temperature...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Kukovitsky

L’vov

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…The emission of single electrons from individual CNTs makes it possible to create single-electron devices, which are necessary for quantum technologies [21][22][23]. Miniature X-ray sources based on CNTs have also been created [7,8,[23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Inhomogeneities and Nonlinear Phenomena in Charge Transfer under Cold Field Emission in Individual Closed Carbon Nanotubes

von Gratowski,

Kosakovskaya,

Koledov

et al. 2023

Micro

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The structure and phenomena arising from charge transfer in cold field emission mode in a single closed carbon nanotube (CNT) under cold field emission conditions are studied. Inhomogeneities of the structure of CNT in the form of two types of superlattices are found by studying microphotographs obtained by AFM, SEM, and TEM. The features of charge transfer in a quasi-one-dimensional carbon nanotube emitter with a small gap between the anode and cathode are studied under conditions of low-voltage field emission. It is established that the I-V characteristics reveal voltage thresholds and resonant peaks, which are associated with the opening of conduction channels in the region of van Hove singularities. In the region of peaks in the I-V characteristics, the emission current exceeds the one calculated using the Fowler–Nordheim (F-N) function by one to three orders of magnitude. The I-V characteristic is not that the curve straightens in F-N coordinates. It is found that the peaks in the I-V characteristics have distinct regions of negative differential conductivity.

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“…H. Sugie et al prepared the first CNT cold cathode X-ray tube and realized X-ray transmission imaging [10]. Subsequently, pulsed [11][12][13][14], microfocus [15][16][17][18][19], and miniaturized X-ray sources [20][21][22][23] based on CNT cold cathode were developed. In the meantime, cold cathode X-ray sources using other 1D nanomaterials were also reported [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Vacuum-Sealed Diode-Structure Addressable ZnO Nanowire Cold Cathode Flat-Panel X-ray Source: Fabrication and Imaging Application

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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A fully vacuum-sealed addressable flat-panel X-ray source based on ZnO nanowire field emitter arrays (FEAs) was fabricated. The device has a diode structure composed of cathode panel and anode panel. ZnO nanowire cold cathodes were prepared on strip electrodes on a cathode panel and Mo thin film strips were prepared on an anode panel acting as the target. Localized X-ray emission was realized by cross-addressing of cathode and anode electrodes. A radiation dose rate of 10.8 μGy/s was recorded at the anode voltage of 32 kV. The X-ray imaging of objects using different addressing scheme was obtained and the imaging results were analyzed. The results demonstrated the feasibility of achieving addressable flat-panel X-ray source using diode-structure for advanced X-ray imaging.

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A compact X-ray tube with a field emitter based on carbon nanotubes

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Increased Carbon Chemical Vapor Deposition and Carbon Nanotube Growth on Metal Substrates in Confined Spaces

Structural Inhomogeneities and Nonlinear Phenomena in Charge Transfer under Cold Field Emission in Individual Closed Carbon Nanotubes

Fully Vacuum-Sealed Diode-Structure Addressable ZnO Nanowire Cold Cathode Flat-Panel X-ray Source: Fabrication and Imaging Application

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