A compact refractive index sensor with high sensitivity based on multimode interference

Zhang, Shuo; Wang, Zemin; Zhu, Mingyu; Li, Le; Wang, Shengjia; Li, Song; Peng, Feng; Niu, Huiwen; Li, Xiang; Deng, Sifan; Geng, Tao; Yang, Wenlei; Yuan, Libo

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2020.112360

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The main two modes transmitted inside the microfiber interferometer are HE 11 and HE 12 , which have stronger coupling strength than other order modes. [ 28 ] The optical output intensity ( I ) can be expressed as [ 29 ] ;

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{I = {I_{11}} + {I_{12}} + \sqrt {{I_{11}} + {I_{12}}} \cos (\Delta \phi )}\end{array}

where I 11 and I 12, respectively represent the output light intensity of two modes (HE 11 and HE 12 ). Δϕ is the phase difference between these two modes, which can be expressed as:

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\Delta \phi = \frac{{2\pi \Delta nL}}{\lambda }}\end{array}

where Δ n denotes the refractive index difference between the HE 11 and HE 12 modes, and L denotes the effective length of the interference path, which is reflected in this experiment as the tapered length in the sensor structure, and λ is the detecting wavelength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Microfiber Sensor for the Trace Copper Ions Detection Based on Ternary Sensitive film

Chen

Sun

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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method, [9] electrochemical method, [10] fluorescence spectrometry, [11] photothermal effect method, [12] anodic dissolution voltammetry, [13] and surface plasmon resonance method. [14] However, colorimetric and photothermal methods require a lot of chemical reagents such as Amino-Functionalized Au@G NPs and Chloroauric acid, [9,12] which can easily cause environmental pollution. Both the anodic dissolution voltammetry and surface plasmon resonance methods are expensive because they require the consumption of a certain number of precious metals such as gold. [13,14] Many other ways of fluorescence spectroscopy, photothermal effect, and anodic dissolution voltammetry are complex, longer consuming time, and inconvenient inspection. [11][12][13] Optic-fiber sensors can be made with large bandwidth, low cost, lightweight, anti-electromagnetic interference, chemical inertness, easy to realize multi-band, and remote real-time monitoring capability, which have been widely used for temperature, [15] humidity, [16] refractive index, [17] gas concentration, [18] breath detection [19] and metal ion detection. [20] So far, many fiber optic sensing techniques for detecting metal ions have been proposed, and the main detection methods are intensity detection, [15][16][17]21] plasma, [22] fluorescence effect, [23] and interference wavelength detection. [24] The main trends are the preparation of sensitizing coatings, the use of vernier effects, and the preparation of micron structures. [20] Many structures of optic fiber are suitable for metal ion detection such as Bragg grating, [24] D-shaped fiber, [25] tilted fiber Bragg grating [26] , and microfiber. [27] Among them, optic-microfibers offering the possibility of strong evanescent fields out of fiber cladding for high-sensitive measurement provide a new option to explore more efficient and economical ion concentration sensing applications.In this paper, we present a microfiber interferometer sensor based on a ternary one-piece sensitive film (PVA-APTES-ICA (PVA, Poly(vinyl alcohol); APTES, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; ICA, Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde)) for the detection of copper ion concentration. The sensing structure can effectively enhance the detection capability of copper ions with a sensitivity of up to 7.715 × 10 6 nm M −1 and the detection limit of 0.0576 ppm in the concentration range of 100 to 1000 nM. The sensor has insensitive to temperature with a sensitivity as low as −0.007 nm °C−1 , which can ignore the temperature cross-influence. The sensor simplifies the manufacturing process of traditional sensors. Stability and anti-interference experiments demonstrated the longterm stability and good specificity of the sensor, which has good application prospects.An optic-fiber sensor for detecting the concentration of trace copper ions is proposed using a ternary cross-linked sensitive film coated on the Mach-Zehnder microfiber interferometer surface. The microfiber has a huge evanescent field offering high sensitivity to the ambient refractive index. The chelation...

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\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{I = {I_{11}} + {I_{12}} + \sqrt {{I_{11}} + {I_{12}}} \cos (\Delta \phi )}\end{array}

where I 11 and I 12, respectively represent the output light intensity of two modes (HE 11 and HE 12 ). Δϕ is the phase difference between these two modes, which can be expressed as:

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\Delta \phi = \frac{{2\pi \Delta nL}}{\lambda }}\end{array}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main two modes transmitted inside the microfiber interferometer are HE 11 and HE 12 , which have stronger coupling strength than other order modes. [28] The optical output intensity (I) can be expressed as [29] ; cos( ) 11 12 11 12…”

Section: Sensing Principal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfiber Sensor for the Trace Copper Ions Detection Based on Ternary Sensitive film

Chen

Sun

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…In 2020, Zhang et al presented an MSM fiber sensor and tapered the SMF section up to 50µm diameter to gain a high RI sensitivity. The sensitivity of 1879.87 nm/RIU under RI of 1.437 was achieved [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer multimode–single-mode–multimode fiber optic refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

Akbarpour

Ahmadi

Roghabadi

2022

Optical Fiber Technology

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“…Refractive index sensors have essential biological, chemical, and medical applications. Currently, fiber optic refractive index sensors are usually used to achieve high sensitivity and high accuracy measurements by Bragg gratings or changing the surface structure of the fiber (e.g., fiber pulling cones, laser engraving, chemical etching) [1][2][3][4] . In addition, crosssensitivity to temperature is unavoidable in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A temperature-insensitive refractive index sensor based on D-type multimode fiber embedded in no-core fiber long-period grating

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ninth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications

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A long-period fiber grating based on a D-type multimode fiber (DMF) embedded in a no-core fiber (NCF) has been designed and fabricated. The 5-period NCF-DMF-NCF (NDN-LPG) has a high resonance loss contrast (18dB). The theoretical analysis simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. We investigated the sensing response characteristics of NDN-LPG for refractive index and temperature, and the sensor achieved a wavelength sensitivity of 244.11nm/RIU in the range of 1.344-1.421 RIU with a low temperature sensitivity (22pm/°C).

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A compact refractive index sensor with high sensitivity based on multimode interference

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

A Microfiber Sensor for the Trace Copper Ions Detection Based on Ternary Sensitive film

A Microfiber Sensor for the Trace Copper Ions Detection Based on Ternary Sensitive film

Enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer multimode–single-mode–multimode fiber optic refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

A temperature-insensitive refractive index sensor based on D-type multimode fiber embedded in no-core fiber long-period grating

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