A compact, high-performance laser-pumped rubidium frequency standard

A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation

“…The laser head includes both the ECDL and the stabilization reference and was successfully used in the development of laser optically pumped Rb gas-cell atomic frequency references. 7 Such laser-pumped "Rb clocks" offer the promise for improved frequency stability performance compared to existing lamp-pumped devices, which already are highly compact ͑volumes around 2 l or less͒ and still offer excellent frequency stability better than 10 −13 over time scales from several hours to one day.…”

Chirping removes recoil effect on fluorescence signal of optical pumping by synchronous frequency modulation

“…The high population and coherence time of the pumped magnetic sublevels enhance amplitude and bandwidth [3,4]. An optimum rate of frequency modulation for optical pumping is observed to be determined by coherence time of the magnetic sublevels.…”

“…Optical pumping is one of the well-known methods for development of the precise metrology and spectroscopy like atomic magnetometry, LGS and so on [1,2]. In optical pumping, polarized light is used to create and detect polarization in the atomic vapor [3][4][5]. The modulation of the optical beam is the best technique for locking detector to the atomic flourcence's signal based on its simplicity and suitability with the geometry of experimental sites [2,6,7].…”

“…The effect of SFM on increasing efficiency of optical pumping of the Sodium atoms is studied in this paper based on their application on LGS [1,2]. The high population of the pumped magnetic sublevels enhances amplitude and bandwidth and provides precise measurement [3,4]. Following changes in absorption frequency of the pumped atoms remove the normal light pressure curve which otherwise is present.…”