A Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Rat-Race Coupler

Tan, Xiangguan; Sun, Jiaxing; Lin, Feng

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2020.2993369

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This indicates that the signal is fully reflected at port 2. When shunting the open-circuited TL, the input impedance Z open of the opencircuited TL can be obtained using (6). Here, θ corresponds to the electrical length at the center frequency of f 0 , which equals 90 • .…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wideband Filtering Rat-Race Coupler with Shared Triple-Mode Resonator

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a filtering rat-race coupler (FRC) is presented, which features the merits of a wideband filtering response, good impedance matching at both input and output ports, good isolation, high-frequency selectivity, small in-band phase difference error, a wide stopband, and small size. It was composed of two leading triple-mode resonators, one core section, and two λ/2 open-circuited transmission lines (TLs). The core section consisted of three λ/4 TLs and one λ/4 short-circuited parallel coupled line (CL). The leading triple-mode resonator consisted of one λ/4 short-circuited stub and two λ/4 TLs. By loading the triple-mode resonator as the shared component and combining it with the core section, a wideband filtering response with four transmission poles could be achieved. In addition, two transmission zeros were generated by loading the λ/2 open-circuited TLs to the output ports of the FRC. The working principles of the proposed FRC are analyzed, and equations are derived with parametric analysis. For demonstration, a prototype operating at the center frequency of 1.4 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurement results show that a fractional bandwidth of more than 60% was achieved under the criteria of 10 dB return loss and 20 dB isolation. In this bandwidth, the amplitude imbalances and phase difference errors were less than 1 dB and 10°, respectively. Additionally, it also exhibited high selectivity and a wide stopband.

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Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bandpass filters (BPFs) and rat-race couplers (RCs) are essential components in the RF/microwave front end of wireless communication systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In general, BPFs and RCs are designed separately and then cascaded for power dividing/combining and signal selecting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband Filtering Rat-Race Coupler with Shared Triple-Mode Resonator

et al. 2023

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“…The involved interrelationships between geometrical dimensions and the electrical and field properties of high-frequency structures make their size reduction a challenging problem. This is especially pertinent to miniaturized components, in which topological alterations have been introduced to reduce their footprint (e.g., [47][48][49][50][51][52]). Although these properties may vary to some extent depending on the nature and applications of the specific structure, they are normally evaluated using EM simulations of the corresponding structural dimensions.…”

Section: Optimization-based Size Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization-Based High-Frequency Circuit Miniaturization through Implicit and Explicit Constraint Handling: Recent Advances

Pietrenko‐Dabrowska

Koziel²,

Mahrokh³

2022

Energies

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Miniaturization trends in high-frequency electronics have led to accommodation challenges in the integration of the corresponding components. Size reduction thereof has become a practical necessity. At the same time, the increasing performance demands imposed on electronic systems remain in conflict with component miniaturization. On the practical side, the challenges related to handling design constraints are aggravated by the high cost of system evaluation, normally requiring full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. Some of these issues can be alleviated by implicit constraint handling using the penalty function approach. Yet, its performance depends on the arrangement of the penalty factors, necessitating a costly trial-and-error procedure to identify their optimum setup. A workaround is offered by the recently proposed algorithms with automatic adaptation of the penalty factors using different adjustment schemes. However, these intricate strategies require a continuous problem-dependent adaptation of the penalty function throughout the entire optimization process. Alternative methodologies have been proposed by taking an explicit approach to handle the inequality constraints, along with correction-based control over equality conditions, the combination of which proves to be demonstrably competitive for some miniaturization tasks. Nevertheless, optimization-based miniaturization, whether using implicit or explicit constraint handling, remains a computationally expensive task. A reliable way of reducing the aforementioned costs is the incorporation of multi-resolution EM fidelity models into the miniaturization procedure. Therein, the principal operation is based on the simultaneous monitoring of factors such as quality of the constraint satisfaction, as well as algorithm convergence status. This paper provides an overview of the abovementioned size-reduction algorithms, in which theoretical considerations are illustrated using a number of antenna and microwave circuit case studies.

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“…The common coupler types are Parallel-line coupler, Branch-line coupler [55][56][57][58][59], Ratrace coupler [56,57,[60][61][62], Lange coupler, Directional coupler [63][64][65], Lumped-Element coupler [66], and Hybrid coupler [67,68]. The design can be achieved by various structures such as Coplanar waveguide (CPW), Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), Microstrip line, etc.…”

Section: Parallel Coupler Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

Chung

Lin

2022

Electronics

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In this paper, a single-band beam control antenna is designed with a parallel coupler to realize a microstrip patch antenna passive wireless sensor in the form of a chip. It has a phase shift characteristic of the antenna radiation direction in the positive and negative directions. The antenna includes an orthogonal direction coupler design with a 90° parallel coupler in phase using a special structure that allows the whole chip area to be miniaturized while allowing the main beam angle to have a directivity function. The coupler is designed for the 28 GHz millimeter wave band. After feeding the patch antenna at the output port of the coupler and simultaneously feeding the excitation at the input port, the beam phase changes to +45° and +135° with a phase difference of 90°. The designed antenna size is 1160 μm × 790 m, and the overall IC size is 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm. The power density simulation shows that the maximum power density is only 0.00797 W/kg for a 1 human sampling area, which means that the antenna sensor is suitable for use on human surfaces.

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A Compact Frequency-Reconfigurable Rat-Race Coupler

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Wideband Filtering Rat-Race Coupler with Shared Triple-Mode Resonator

Wideband Filtering Rat-Race Coupler with Shared Triple-Mode Resonator

Optimization-Based High-Frequency Circuit Miniaturization through Implicit and Explicit Constraint Handling: Recent Advances

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

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