A Compact Filtering 180$^{\circ}$ Hybrid

Lin, Chin-Kai; Chung, Shyh‐Jong

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2011.2169276

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In order to satisfy the condition of same transfer function, it follows that is not possible to exploit (3) because of the higher multiplicity of roots of common denominator , hence, a different method shall be investigated. In the following, a general method is proposed for the synthesis of any Butler matrix with filter transfer functions included exploiting the virtual open circuit offered by the 180 hybrid coupler based on resonators [19], hence, avoiding the problem of multiplicity of roots of that affects traditional techniques.…”

Section: A Network Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black circles are resonators with the electromagnetic (EM) couplings represented here by lines. The network shows the response of a typical rat-race coupler with a two-pole filtering characteristic [19], where the coupling matrix is defined as…”

Section: B Virtual Open Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be shown that parameters and are directly related to the external and internal couplings of a two-pole filter with a scaling of a factor for the latter [17], [19]. If a source is applied to port 1, the signal propagates to ports 2 through paths A and B shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Virtual Open Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Advanced Butler Matrices With Integrated Bandpass Filter Functions

Crestvolant

Martín-Iglesias

Lancaster

2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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A novel class of Butler matrix with inherent bandpass filter (BPF) transfer functions is presented in this paper. The Butler matrix is the fundamental network to split and recombine the signal in multi-port power amplifiers, however, to suppress spurious frequencies generated by the amplifiers or to provide nearband rejection in order not to interfere with other transmission/receiving bands separate filtering is often required. Here, the traditional power division and phase distribution of the Butler matrix are included together with filtering selectivity into one single device based only on coupled resonators. An analytical synthesis procedure of the coupling matrix for 2 2 networks is presented here for the first time. The proposed solution has shown significant advantages in terms of size reduction compared to the traditional baseline consisting of a distribution network plus a bank of BPFs. The synthesis and design of a 2 2, 180 hybrid coupler at 10 GHz and a 4 4 Butler matrix with an equal-ripple four-pole Chebyshev bandpass characteristic centred at 12.5 GHz with 500-MHz bandwidth are described, confirming the synthesis technique proposed. Two models of the 4 4, one built with additive manufacturing and the other with milling, are also presented and compared. Experimental measurements are in good agreement with both simulations and theoretical expectations.Index Terms-Bandpass filters (BPFs), Butler matrix, circuit synthesis, multi-port power amplifier (MPA), power distribution.

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Section: A Network Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Virtual Open Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advanced Butler Matrices With Integrated Bandpass Filter Functions

Crestvolant

Martín-Iglesias

Lancaster

2015

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Considering the miniaturization design as one of the primary trends for transceivers, a single device integrated with different functionalities, such as filter-coupler [1][2][3][4][5][6], has been attracting increasing attention. It also recommends an effective way to avoid the performance degradation due to a cascade connection of two individual components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Coupler With Good Restraint Outside the Passband and Its Frequency-Agile Application

Cheng¹,

Wang²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

PIER

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“…Respect to the second group, we can include Marchand baluns, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] branch-line baluns, [23,24] and other circuits based on the same principle. [25][26][27][28] Among these baluns, Marchand baluns are probably the most popular. Marchand balun consists of two sections of quarter-wavelength coupled lines and in order to broaden the bandwidth a strong coupling level for the two coupled-line sections is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of wire-bonded multiconductor transmission line-based phase-shifting sections

Sanchez-Martinez

Márquez-Segura

2013

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

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The theoretical analysis of wire-bonded multiconductor transmission lines (MTL) for synthesizing phase shifters is accomplished and generalized in order to extend the traditional theory where 3-dB quarter-wavelength directional couplers are usually employed. In this paper, it is demonstrated that this kind of reflection phase shifters, where the coupled and direct ports are terminated with reactive loads, can be designed for any coupling level. Therefore, analytical design equations are derived to compute both the insertion and return losses as well as the operating frequency band as a function of the coupling factor of the MTL. Furthermore, two general equivalent circuits as a function of the number of strips are derived for two particular arrangements, when both coupled and direct ports are open-or short-circuited. These simple equivalent circuits provide some insight into the physical behavior of the MTL and are expedient to the design of filtering structures and 90 • and −90 • phase shifters. Finally, the validity of the developed theory is assessed by means of measurements. Two critical-and over-coupling open-circuited and short-circuited wire-bonded MTLs and a broadband balun with an operating fractional bandwidth higher than 92% and excellent output isolation are designed, manufactured, and measured.

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A Compact Filtering 180$^{\circ}$ Hybrid

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Advanced Butler Matrices With Integrated Bandpass Filter Functions

Advanced Butler Matrices With Integrated Bandpass Filter Functions

Directional Coupler With Good Restraint Outside the Passband and Its Frequency-Agile Application

Analysis of wire-bonded multiconductor transmission line-based phase-shifting sections

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