A Compact Batch Injection Analysis Cell for Screen Printed Electrodes: A Portable Electrochemical System for On‐site Analysis

Abstract

Nowadays,a nalytical methods with portable characteristics for on-site and in-situ measurements continue to attract significant attention. In this context,t he use of miniaturizede lectrochemical systems has been proposed because they have severalo ft he requirements of portable methods [1,2].H owever, in manyc ases,m iniaturized systems are characterized by low robustness and reduced range of applications for each system or device. In 1991, Wang and Taha [3] introduced at echnique named batch injection analysis (BIA). In BIA systems with electrochemical detection, as ample plug is injected from am icropipette tip directly on the electrodes urface that is immersed in al arge-volume blank electrolyte solution. Ther esults obtained with aB IA system are conceptionally similar to FIA or SIA, however, withoutu sing additional components such as pumping systems,i njection valves,a nd tubes (possibility of problemsw ith air bubbles and leaks) [4].I nB IA systems, all of these components were replaced by ab attery powered electronic micropipette and, therefore,t he set consisting by BIA cell, electronic micropipette,m ini-potentiostat, and tablet or laptop computerc an be used as ap ortable electrochemical system.R ecently,o ur research group has developed BIA cells specially designed to work with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) [5,6].S imilar to BIA systems, SPEs also presented some desirable features useful in portable analytical systems,s uch as low cost (large-scale production), disposability,r apid responses,s implicity and robustness (working, countera nd pseudo-reference electrodes are printed on achemically inert substrate).Considering the characteristics of BIA cells and SPEs, one can conclude that the system that combinesb oth de-vices has great potential to be used as ap ortable electrochemical system. Recently,w ei ntroduced ac ompact system composed by aB IA cell specially designed for SPEs( BIASPE cell).F igure 1s howsi mages of the detailed schematic design of the cell (Fig. 1A), photographs of the complete BIASPE cell ( Fig. 1B) and the innovative open-close system (no screws needed) for easy SPE replacement (Fig.1C).When the BIASPE cell is combinedw ith battery-powered accessories( electronic micropipette,p otentiostat and at ablet or al aptop computer), the generateds et can be considered as ar obust portable electrochemical system (Fig.1D). Further details on the proposed BIASPE cell can be found in multiplei mages availablei n supporting information. In addition, specific details on the operation of the BIASPE system (cella ssembly,p ositioning of the SPE in the cell, electronic micropipette operation,a mperometric and voltammetric experiments and visualization of the phenomena that occur on the working electrode surface during injection procedures) can be ac-Abstract:H erein, ac ompact batch injection analysisc ell for screen printed electrodes (BIASPE cell) is reported. Thep roposed system shows several requirements of ap ortable system that include easy-to-operate ("userfriendly"),h igh-speed qu...

Carbon‐nanotube Modified Screen‐printed Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Uric Acid in Biological Fluids Using Batch‐injection Amperometric Detection

“…Cyclic voltammetry and differential‐pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were carried out using a 10 mL glass electrochemical cell. The BIA cell employed in the experiments using MPA was previously developed by our research group . Injections of standard solutions or samples were conducted using were conducted using an Eppendorf electronic micropipette (multipette® stream).…”

Fast and Simple Electrochemical Analysis Kit for Quality Control of Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs

“…In the amperometric measurements in the BIA system, a homemade wall jet cell coupled to a carbon SPE was used. This electrochemical cell has the same configuration described in other studies . The BIA system was performed using an electronic pipette from Eppendorff (model Multipette Stream).…”

“…The BIA system was performed using an electronic pipette from Eppendorff (model Multipette Stream). This BIA‐cell‐coupled SPE can also be obtained commercially from Dropsens .…”

Determinação Rápida E Simultânea De Propifenazona, Paracetamol E Cafeína Utilizando Análise Por Injeção Em Batelada Com Detecção Amperométrica

“…A injeção das soluções na célula BIA foi realizada com uma micropipeta eletrônica motorizada (Eppendorf Multipette® Stream) com uma distância constante entre a superfície do eletrodo de trabalho e o Multipette® Combitip® (≈ 2 mm) durante a injeção. 34 Maiores detalhes sobre células BIA (arte de preparo e modo de utilização) podem ser obtidos em artigos publicados anteriormente 28,32,[35][36][37] e em vídeos 38,39 disponibilizados na internet. Os resultados obtidos por BIA-MPA na análise de amostras farmacêuticas contendo PAR, PRO e CAF foram comparados com os obtidos por HPLC.…”