A Community of Lycopodium Gametophytes in Michigan

Bruce, James G.; Beitel, Joseph M.

doi:10.2307/1546892

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this study, we confirmed the fully mycoheterotrophic status of the population based on its morphology, white plant bodies, very low chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentrations, and the higher 13 C and 15 N abundances. Here we report, for the first time, the occurrence of albino mutants from partially mycoheterotrophic angiosperms outside the family Orchidaceae (Bruce and Beitel, ; Johnson‐Groh and Lee, ; Selosse et al., ; Lallemand et al., ). Our novel discovery will facilitate the progress of further studies focused on mycoheterotrophic evolution using albino mutants in not only Orchidaceae, but also now in Ericaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evidence for newly discovered albino mutants in a pyroloid: implication for the nutritional mode in the genus Pyrola

Shutoh

Tajima²,

Matsubayashi

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Difficulties in comparing extremely divergent features in fully mycoheterotrophic plants with those in closely related chlorophyllous plants have complicated attempts to reveal the evolutionary patterns and processes of fully mycoheterotrophic plants. Albino mutants of partially mycoheterotrophic plants, generally observed in Orchidaceae, have provided an ideal model for investigating the evolution of mycoheterotrophy within similar genetic backgrounds. In 2018, we found a putative albino population of Pyrola (Ericaceae). Here we aimed to reveal the identity of the albino pyroloid and confirm its fully mycoheterotrophic status. Methods To reveal the putative albino pyroloid's identity, we examined its morphology and sequenced its chloroplast DNA. In addition, we assessed the trophic status of the putative albino pyroloid by analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration, and natural 13C and 15N abundances. Results We identified albino individuals as P. japonica—otherwise a partially mycoheterotrophic species. We confirmed their albino status by their considerably lower chlorophyll fluorescence and concentrations than those of sympatrically occurring chlorophyllous plants. 13C abundance in the albino individuals was significantly higher than in the green individuals of P. japonica. Conclusions This first report of albino mutants from partially mycoheterotrophic species in angiosperms other than orchids will play a valuable role in further studies focused on mycoheterotrophy. For instance, their δ13C and δ15N values represent a reference for fully mycoheterotrophic plants in Pyrola. Our findings also indicate the strong dependence of some leafy Pyrola species on fungal C during their entire life cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evidence for newly discovered albino mutants in a pyroloid: implication for the nutritional mode in the genus Pyrola

Shutoh

Tajima²,

Matsubayashi

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…Our study also shows that ferns are commonly attacked by a variety of spore-feeding insects, which for the most part, are not highly host specifi c and occasionally cause severe spore reduction. Because ferns are also prone to attack by leaf herbivores ( Lawton, 1976 ;Balick et al, 1978 ) and some ferns have obligate associations with mycosymbionts at the prothallial stage ( Hill and Wagner, 1974 ;Mesler, 1974 ;Bruce and Beitel, 1979 ), other ecological interactions may also be responsible for the evolution of fern sporing phenology. 9.…”

Section: Role Of Spore-feeding Insects On Evolution Of Fern Sporingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fern data consist of 26 species monitored in this study during 2006 -2007. success, are probably important for determining the timing of fern sporing, spore feeders may also exert signifi cant selective forces that affect fern sporing phenology. Because ferns are also prone to attack by leaf herbivores ( Lawton, 1976 ;Balick et al, 1978 ) and some ferns have obligate associations with mycosymbionts at the prothallial stage ( Hill and Wagner, 1974 ;Mesler, 1974 ;Bruce and Beitel, 1979 ), other ecological interactions may also be responsible for the evolution of fern sporing phenology. Although the current study is comparative and does not allow the assigning of cause and effect, future studies aimed at testing such hypotheses promise to help understand the evolutionary mechanisms that have shaped the present phenological diversity of fern sporing and its startling contrast with that of angiosperm fl owering.…”

Section: Role Of Spore-feeding Insects On Evolution Of Fern Sporing Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fern–spore‐feeder interaction in temperate forests in Japan: Sporing phenology and spore‐feeding insect community

Sawamura

Kawakita

Katô

2009

American J of Botany

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Angiosperms are widely appreciated to have flowering schedules, but far less attention has been paid to the timing of spore production by ferns. Although a range of abiotic factors are likely responsible for the timing of fern sporing, spore predation by specialist spore-feeding insects may also exert selective forces on timing. As a step toward understanding ecological factors that affect the evolution of fern sporing phenology, we tracked annual sporing patterns and examined associations with spore-feeding insects in 38 ferns species in two Japanese temperate forests. Most sporing occurred during June through August, the period of highest temperature and precipitation at the study sites, but some species produced spores during a limited period in spring or very late autumn. Over 70% of all species examined were attacked by spore-feeders, which consisted of seven polyphagous and five oligophagous species. Spore feeders occurred predominantly during June through September, and stathmopodid moth larvae consumed up to 70% of the mature sporangia. Thus, although the warm and humid conditions in the summer is likely favored for prothallial growth and fertilization, spring or late-autumn sporing in some species may have evolved as an adaptation to escape spore predation by spore feeders.

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“…In the Psilopsida and Lycopsida, the gametophytic generations are typically subterranean, achlorophyllous and mycotrophic (Bruchmann, 1885(Bruchmann, , 1908(Bruchmann, , 1910Lang, 1899;Splessard, 1917Splessard, , 1922Chamberlain, 1917;Stokey & Starr, 1924;Bruce, 1979;Bruce & Beitel. 1979;Peterson, Howarth & Whittier, 1981;Duckett & Ligrone, 1991 ;Schmid & Oberw^inkler, 1993).…”

Section: Other Myco-heterotrophic Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

1994

New Phytologist

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A Community of Lycopodium Gametophytes in Michigan

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Evidence for newly discovered albino mutants in a pyroloid: implication for the nutritional mode in the genus Pyrola

Evidence for newly discovered albino mutants in a pyroloid: implication for the nutritional mode in the genus Pyrola

Fern–spore‐feeder interaction in temperate forests in Japan: Sporing phenology and spore‐feeding insect community

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