A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission

Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.; Alareqi, Lina M. Q.; Abdul‐Ghani, Rashad; Al-Eryani, Samira; Almikhlafy, Abdullah A.; Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.; Alkarshy, Fawzya; Mahmud, Rohela

doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0

Cited by 12 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…(43) The low IgM seropositivity rate (0.3%) in the present study is consistent with the low rate of 3.3% among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz. (19) However, the low sensitivity of the tests used in the present study in the detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgM could not rule out the presence of false negativity. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the rate of anti-Toxoplasma IgM in the present study with studies adopting ELISA or other serological methods.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…(18,23) In addition, it is lower than the rates reported among pregnant women residing in rural areas (46.2%) and those seeking antenatal care (44.0%) in Taiz. (19,20) On the other hand, it is comparable to that reported among pregnant women from the southern region of Saudi Arabia (20.0%), (24) but it is lower than the rates reported among pregnant women from Palestine (27.9%), (25) Egypt (30.2-67.5%), (26)(27)(28) Iraq (31.5%), (29) Sudan (34.1%), (30) Jordan (47.1%), (31) Tunisia (47.7-58.4%), (32,33) Algeria (47.8%), (34) Morocco (50.6%), (35) different regions of Saudi Arabia (29.4-61.4%), (36)(37)(38)(39)(40) Libya (44.8%), (41) and Kuwait (53.1%). (42) Variations in T. gondii seroprevalence could be attributed to climate conditions, differences in cultural and socioeconomic factors as well as hygienic and feeding habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(18) Comparable rates of 44.0-46.2% and 3.3% were also reported for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively, among pregnant women in Taiz governorate. (19,20) On the other hand, seroprevalence rates of 31.0% and 14.0% were found among women attending private clinics and hospitals in Aden city for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. (21) Given that the most recently published study on T. gondii infection among pregnant women in Sana'a city was conducted in 2010-2011, (18) there is a need for a relook at the epidemiologic situation of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Relation to Pregnancy Characteristics and Bad Obstetric History among Pregnant Women Seeking Healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen

Abdul‐Ghani

Al-Nahari²,

Yousef³

et al. 2019

YJMS

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Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women seeking healthcare in Sana'a city in relation to pregnancy characteristics and bad obstetric history (BOH). Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 pregnant women seeking healthcare in Sana'a city. Data on socioeconomic and pregnancy characteristics, BOH and possible risk factors associated with T. gondii infection were collected using a structured, pre-designed questionnaire. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using OnSite TM Combo tests. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics using appropriate statistical tests, and a bivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors possibly associated with T. gondii infection among pregnant women. Differences or associations between categorical variables were considered statistically significant at P values <0.05. Results: T. gondii infection was seroprevalent among 18.7% of pregnant women seeking healthcare in Sana'a. Educational status and household size were the sociodemographic factors significantly associated with anti-Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity. Illiterate women were at fourfold higher risk of infection compared to those with higher education (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.69-9.25; P = 0.002). Although those with school education were twice more likely to be infected with T. gondii compared to those with higher education, the association was on the borderline (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.98-4.06; P = 0.055). On the other hand, pregnant women living in households of ≥5 members were 1.7 times more likely to be infected (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.03-2.95; P = 0.026). Regarding the BOH among pregnant women, past exposure to infection was significantly associated with premature delivery (P = 0.004) and history of fetal deaths (P = 0.004). Drinking unboiled water (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.55-8.07; P = 0.192) and frequent blood transfusion (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.50-6.1; P = 0.288) increased the odds of exposure of pregnant women to infection, but the associations were not statistically significant. On the other hand, other studied factors were not significantly associated with past exposure to infection. Conclusions: The majority (>80.0%) of pregnant women seeking healthcare in Sana'a city are non-immune to primary infection with T. gondii during pregnancy as evidenced by their seronegative status, where only 18.7% of them were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG. Higher infection rates were significantly associated with being illiterate and living within households of ≥5 members. With respect to self-reported BOH, T. gondii infection was significantly associated with premature delivery and history of fetal deaths. Drinking unboiled water and frequent blood transfusions increased the odds of exposure of pregnant women to infection, though not reaching statistical significance. Further large-scale community-based studies are recommended to determine the risk factors associated with pregnancy characteri...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Relation to Pregnancy Characteristics and Bad Obstetric History among Pregnant Women Seeking Healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen

Abdul‐Ghani

Al-Nahari²,

Yousef³

et al. 2019

YJMS

Self Cite

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“…[7][8][9] The results were similar in every study conducted in Turkey. When we checked other countries, the seropositivity rates of T. gondii were 7% in Norway, 10% in the United Kingdom, 19% in Italy, 29.9 in Sri Lanka, [10] 31.7% in Thailand-Myanmar, [11] 32% in Spain, 33% in Austria, 34% in Slovenia, 44% in France, [12] 46.2% in Yemen, [13] and 82.6% in Lebanon. [14] Our results were similar to Mediterranean countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Among Pregnant Refugees and Turkish Women: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Altunal¹

2018

South Clin Ist Euras

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Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) among pregnant Turkish women as well as Syrian refugees in Istanbul. Methods:Among pregnant women who were admitted to the Esenler , antibodies against T. gondii, rubella, and CMV were measured using the micro-ELISA method. The test results were evaluated retrospectively. Results:Out of a total of 1066 pregnant women screened in the present study, 963 (90.3%) were Turkish, and 103 (9.7%) were Syrian refugees. IgM positivity rates of T. gondii, rubella, and CMV were determined as 0.2%, 0%, and 0.2% in Turkish women and 0.1%, 0%, and 0% in Syrian refugees, whereas IgG positivity rates were determined as 26.3%, 93.8%, and 99.5% in Turkish women and 58.3%, 87.4%, and 100% in Syrian refugees. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was lower, and rubella was higher among pregnant Turkish women and among pregnant Syrian refugees and statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion:Since immunity against T. gondii in pregnant Turkish women is lower than that in Syrian refugees who are in the reproductive age group, routine screening should be conducted. Immunization against rubella should be considered for Syrian refugees who are in the reproductive age group.

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“…The author did not find any significant association between TLR4 rs4986790 or rs3050791 polymorphisms and toxoplasmosis. A previous study in Brazilian children with toxoplasmosis showed a relationship between the presence of C minor allele in TLR9 2848 G>A and the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis 11,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Role of TLR4 Gene Polymorphism and Haplotypes in the Susceptibility to Toxoplasmosis in Iraqi Aborted Women

Turkey¹,

Abbas²,

Hathal³

et al. 2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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The activity of TLRs as non-specific immunity in defense against T. gondii infections was observed particularly for TLR4 molecules. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in tow genes encoding these receptors were reported as significant genetic modifications of TLRs and associated with different pregnancy disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the toll-like receptor 4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and susceptibility for toxoplasmosis. A total of 50 aborted women with IgM seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii and 50 aborted women with IgM seronegative for Toxoplasma gondii as controls were included in this study. DNA was extracted from the blood samples taken from these participants. TLR4 gene was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Genotyping of the SNPs of interest were subjected for direct sequencing by (Macrogen /Korea), and the resultant sequences were compared with reference sequences in NCBI by using Bio edit software. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype (AG) was higher in patients than controls (20% versus 6%) with a significant difference (OR=3.92, 95%CI=1.01-15.22, p=0.037). Among the haplotype blocks, only ACC was significantly less frequent among patients than controls (85% versus 94%, p=0.038), while frequencies of other haplotypes were very close between patients and controls. The mutant allele (G) of the SNP Asp299Gly may be considered as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis and stimulate abortion in pregnant women.

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A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Relation to Pregnancy Characteristics and Bad Obstetric History among Pregnant Women Seeking Healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen

Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Relation to Pregnancy Characteristics and Bad Obstetric History among Pregnant Women Seeking Healthcare in Sana’a City, Yemen

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Among Pregnant Refugees and Turkish Women: A Retrospective Comparative Study

The Role of TLR4 Gene Polymorphism and Haplotypes in the Susceptibility to Toxoplasmosis in Iraqi Aborted Women

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