A Community‐Based Outbreak of Severe Respiratory Illness Caused by Human Adenovirus Serotype 14

Abstract

Ad14 emerged in Oregon in 2005 and became the predominant circulating type by 2007. Infection with this uncommon virus was primarily associated with a community-acquired pneumonia syndrome and caused substantial morbidity and mortality.

Deaths Associated with Human Adenovirus-14p1 Infections, Europe, 2009–2010

“…Efficient transmission of HAdV-14p1 appears to require close physical contact, as supported by the observation that in barracked communities used for military trainees in the United States, antibody titers demonstrated recent exposure after entry to the facility ( 25 ). Of interest in the HAdV-14p1 cases identified in the present study is the higher frequency of male patients (78%) infected; this observation has been reported by other groups ( 19 , 26 ), although the numbers identified in our study are insufficient to make definitive conclusions. Previous reports have noted that prior vaccination with HAdV-7, a subspecies B1 virus, of military recruits may confer cross-protection, presumably from heterotypic immunity, and that this vaccine could potentially be used to reduce HAdV-14p1 disease severity ( 27 , 28 ).…”

“…The final elution volumes for both methods was 50 µL. Real-time PCR specific for HAdV-11 and HAdV-14 ( 19 ) provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA) was performed by using the ABI7500 SDS platform (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with 5 µL of template and the Platinum qPCR SuperMix-UDG kit (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) with 0.5-µmol/L forward and reverse primers and 0.1-µmol/L probe labeled at the 5′ end with 6-carboxyfluorescein and a 3′ quencher dye in 25-µL single-plex assays performed with the following cycling conditions: 50°C for 2 min, then 95°C for 2 min, followed by 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 sec and 60°C for 1 min, with data acquisition in the anneal/extension phase. Complete HAdV-14 fiber, E1A, and hexon genes were amplified as described ( 7 ) and sequenced bidirectionally.…”

Novel bat adenoviruses with an extremely large E3 gene

“…In immunocompromised patients and transplant recipients, AdVs can be important causative agents of serious morbidity and mortality (Echavarría & Echavarria, 2008). In addition, several AdV-related cases of severe morbidity have been reported in other individuals (Hoşnut et al, 2014;Lewis et al, 2009;Parcell et al, 2015). In animals, canine AdV-1 (CAdV-1) causes infectious hepatitis, and CAdV-2 is associated with mild respiratory diseases (Appel et al, 1973;Swango et al, 1970), while ovine AdV-7 has been associated with morbidity in lambs (DeBey et al, 2001).…”

Outbreak of Febrile Respiratory Illness Caused by Adenovirus at a South Korean Military Training Facility: Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Adenovirus Pneumonia

“…All patients were young, previously healthy soldiers. Although several studies have described the clinical features of adenovirus infection among military personnel (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), few studies have compared the clinical characteristics of pneumonic and non-pneumonic adenovirus cases or evaluated the risk factors associated with military training courses. Furthermore, few reports have provided detailed descriptions of the radiological features of adenovirus infections by means such as thinsection computed tomography (CT) (7,9).…”