A common-view disciplined oscillator

Lombardi, Michael A.; Dahlen, Aaron P.

doi:10.1063/1.3430071

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This can most easily be achieved using relatively inexpensive single-frequency GPS timing receivers at both sites and by common-view processing of their measurements, although the uncertainty will be limited by the time transfer noise. National laboratories such as NIST and NPL provide a common-view GPS time transfer service to users (Davis et al 2001, Lombardi andDahlen 2010).…”

Section: Calibration Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local representations of UTC in national laboratories

2011

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Local representations of the international time scale, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), are maintained by approximately 69 national measurement institutes and other time laboratories. These laboratories contribute their clock and time transfer measurements for use in the computation of UTC. Although local representations of UTC, commonly called UTC(k) time scales, vary considerably, for example in the numbers of atomic clocks available, they also share many characteristics. In this paper, we examine the rationale and requirements for maintaining a local representation of UTC. Its applications might range from underpinning the reference time scale of a Global Navigation Satellite System to providing traceability for frequency and time dissemination services. We address the practical aspects of setting up and operating a UTC(k) time scale, including the equipment and algorithms that generate the time scale, optimize its performance and measure its offset from the similar time scales maintained by other laboratories. We conclude by considering briefly some future developments that may have an impact on the laboratories operating local representations of UTC.

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Section: Calibration Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local representations of UTC in national laboratories

2011

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“…3) obtained via LF radio or satellite signals. The concept and demonstration of a common-view disciplined clock, however, is relatively new [38] and was first implemented as an option to the NIST Time Measurement and Analysis service in 2010 [39]. This service is used to replicate UTC(NIST) near the site of financial market exchanges, as described in the following sections.…”

Section: Transferring Utc(nist) To Financial Markets With Nist Discipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate, Traceable, and Verifiable Time Synchronization for World Financial Markets

Lombardi

Novick

Neville-Neil³

et al. 2016

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a collaboration with Perseus, a global provider of telecommunication services, is providing accurate, traceable, and verifiable time synchronization to stock exchanges in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The paper describes why accurate time is necessary for fair and equitable financial markets and summarizes current and proposed future synchronization requirements in the financial sector. We discuss reference time sources and provide a technical overview of how NIST transfers time to data center hosted stock exchange. We also discuss how Perseus distributes NIST time to financial market customers and describes how the time is verified. Measurement data are presented, along with a discussion of measurement uncertainty.

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“…This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2189 used as just a comparison method and not to control clocks. However, systems that exchange commonview measurements in real-time can discipline clocks in much the same way as a GPSDC (Section II.F) that utilizes one-way time transfer [44].…”

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confidence: 99%

An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

Lombardi¹

2021

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Accurate and reliable time signals are an essential part of critical infrastructure systems in the United States. Because these systems often cannot function properly without accurate time signals, timing system failures can have serious consequences, with the potential implications including economic loss, reduced safety and security, and loss of human life. The primary time synchronization sources for these systems are signals broadcast by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, which has understandably led to concerns about our dependency on GPS timing. This report provides an overview of how timing systems work and defines some basic terminology and specifications. It then discusses the regulatory timing requirements and GPS timing dependencies of United States critical infrastructure systems operating in the financial, telecommunications, and electric power sectors.

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A common-view disciplined oscillator

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Local representations of UTC in national laboratories

Local representations of UTC in national laboratories

Accurate, Traceable, and Verifiable Time Synchronization for World Financial Markets

An evaluation of dependencies of critical infrastructure timing systems on the global positioning system (GPS)

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