A Commercial Conducting Polymer as Both Binder and Conductive Additive for Silicon Nanoparticle-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

Abstract

PSS with small quantities of formic acid, electrodes containing 80 wt % SiNPs can be prepared with electrical conductivity as high as 4.2 S/cm. Even at the relatively high areal loading of 1 mg/cm(2), this system demonstrated a first cycle lithiation capacity of 3685 mA·h/g (based on the SiNP mass) and a first cycle efficiency of ∼78%. After 100 repeated cycles at 1 A/g this electrode was still able to store an impressive 1950 mA·h/g normalized to Si mass (∼75% capacity retention), corresponding to 1542 mA·h/g when the capacity is normalized by the total electrode mass. At the maximum electrode thickness studied (∼1.5 mg/cm(2)), a high areal capacity of 3 mA·h/cm(2) was achieved. Importantly, these electrodes are based on commercially available components and are produced by the standard slurry coating methods required for large-scale electrode production. Hence, the results presented here are highly relevant for the realization of commercial LiB negative electrodes that surpass the performance of current graphite-based negative electrode systems.

Trifunctional Electrode Additive for High Active Material Content and Volumetric Lithium‐Ion Electrode Densities

“…[1,2] Be it consumer electronics or electric vehicles, the size of the battery and the corresponding amount of deliverable energy and power strongly influences their commercial competitiveness. While there has been some works on dual-function conductive binder, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] these binders have not been accepted into the industry likely due to complicated, toxic, and expensive synthesis methods that are required. As such, the electrode density and volumetric energy density of typical commercial LFP electrodes are only ≈2.0 g cm −3 and ≈1100 Wh L −1 , respectively, indicating much room for improvement.…”

Nanostructured Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenge and Perspective

“…[72] Alloying-Based Anode Materials: the lithium can make alloys with metals/semi-metals at room temperature in nonaqueous electrolytes that deliver very high capacity such as the alloy formation with silicon can deliver higher values up to 8.5 Ah cm -1 or 4.2 Ah g -1 . [73] However, their practical utilization in secondary batteries is primarily hindered by large volume change that is the inherent property of alloying process. [74] Simply, the alloy formation of lithium with tin and silicon yields Li 4.4 Sn and Li 4.4 Si which results 440% increase in number of atoms in the particle of both metals.…”

“…[107] But this capacity is still much lower than the Si-C composite based anode materials; however, initial poor CE and capacity retention is an issue with Si-C anodes. [73,108] The Sb is another option but transport risk associated with it is a big drawback. [109] Similarly, if the scarcity is considered then Sn-based materials is another choice with better cyclic performance and good capacity retention.…”

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[78] Many kinds of conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANi), [79][80][81] polypyrrole (PPy), [82][83][84] poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) [85] have been extensively applied to enhance the electrochemical properties of Si nanoparticles. Wu et al reported a Si nanoparticle (NP)/PANi hydrogel composite prepared through in situ polymerization technique.…”