A commentary on the scientific writings of J. Willard Gibbs

Donnan, F. G.; Haas, Arthur Erich

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5684

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The understanding that stress was an excess quality that the surface will strive to relieve in order to minimize its energy [4,5] called for a good predictive theory that would accurately take into account the roles of stress and strain on surface energy. Based on the definition of stress and strain given by Gibbs [1,2], Shuttleworth [6], Herring [5] and others [7] have developed a robust theoretical description of stresses and strains at surfaces showing, among other things, that the latter can be highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous. Still, in the early days of epitaxy, people in the "growing" community tried to avoid misfit, perceiving it as a hindrance in the quest of creating perfect atomic interfaces.…”

Section: Mesoscopic Misfit -The History In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While our to-date understanding of the possible origins of mesoscopic misfit still cannot be deemed absolute, the idea itself that strain and stress of a surface play a fundamental role in defining the properties of the latter is more than a century old, dating back to the works of Gibbs [1,2]. Theoretically conceived and originally applicable on a macroscopic level to an interface between any two "phases" of matter, it is much older than the interest of the community in the atomic structure of the interfaces.…”

Section: Mesoscopic Misfit -The History In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mesoscopic misfit on growth, morphology, electronic properties and magnetism of nanostructures at metallic surfaces

Brovko

Бажанов

Meyerheim

et al. 2014

Surface Science Reports

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Stress and strain originating from mesoscopic misfit at interfaces can have diverse effects on the properties of surfaces and nanostructures thereon. We review the sources and consequences of mesoscopic misfit at metallic surfaces and elucidate various ways in which it affects growth, morphology, electronic properties and magnetism of thin films in early stages of epitaxy and epitaxial nanostructures.

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Section: Mesoscopic Misfit -The History In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mesoscopic Misfit -The History In Briefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mesoscopic misfit on growth, morphology, electronic properties and magnetism of nanostructures at metallic surfaces

Brovko

Бажанов

Meyerheim

et al. 2014

Surface Science Reports

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“…The classical critical conditions of an m-component fluid mixture are due to Gibbs (Gibbs, 1928;Bumstead and van Name, 1906;Donnan and Hass, 1936). A critical transition is observed when the boundary between stable and metastable states (spinodal curve) and the coexistence boundary between different stable phases (binodul curue) meet.…”

Section: Criteria For Critical Transitions Criticality Criteria For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical transition can be geometrically interpreted as a point of inflection of the chemical potential with respect to composition. Hence, the first and second derivatives of chemical potential with respect to composition equal zero, whereas a higher derivative must be positive to observe a stable critical transition.Gibbs showed (Donnan and Hass, 1936) that these critical criteria could be transformed into any thermodynamic function. The nature of this transformation has also been extensively described by other workers (Beegle et al, 1974;Heidemann, 1975;Reid and Beegle, 1977;Modell, 1977;Sadus, 1992a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Calculating critical transitions of fluid mixtures: Theory vs. experiment

Sadus

1994

AIChE Journal

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The progress in predicting critical transitions in fluid mixtures is reviewed. The critical state provides a valuable insight into the general phase behavior of a fluid and is closely linked with the nature and strength of intermolecular interaction. Calculations of critical equilibria have been con fined mainly to binary mixtures. The prediction of binary gas-liquid critical properties was initially limited to empirical correlations. These techniques have been superseded by rigorous calculations of the critical conditions using realistic models of the fluid or equations of state. All of the known types of critical phenomena exhibited by binary mixtures can be, at least, qualitatively calculated. If an optimal combining rule parameter is allowed, continuous gas-liquid properties can be calculated accurately for a wide variety of mixtures. Similarly, the pressure and composition dependence of upper critical solution phenomena can be accurately predicted. Progress has been achieved in predicting discontinuous critical transitions in polar and nonpolar binary mixtures. There is increasing interest in calculating the critical properties of ternary and multicomponent mixtures. Although the techniques applied to binary mixtures often can be directly extended to ternary mixture calculations, calculated critical properties of ternary mixtures indicate that their behavior cannot be considered as a simple extension of binary mixture phenomena. Consequently, ternary critical calculations are likely to provide a superior insight into the phase behavior of multicomponent fluids. IntroductionA critical transition of a fluid is reached when there is no longer any difference in the physical properties between coexisting phases. In the case of a pure fluid, the pressure, temperature and volume of coexisting gas and liquid phases are identical at the gas-liquid critical point. For binary and other multicomponent fluids, the gas-liquid point is also characterized by an equivalence of composition in both phases. Multicomponent fluids can also exhibit critical equilibria between different coexisting liquid phases. It is this latter aspect that generates most of the variety of critical phenomena between mixtures of different component molecules. At very high pressures, the distinction between what constitutes a liquid and what constitutes a gas is not clear, and many workers (Schneider, 1978;McGlashan, 1985) prefer the term "fluid-fluid equilibria'' to embrace both types of phenomena.There are ample examples of the importance of high-pressure critical transitions in chemical engineering processes. The most commonly cited examples include supercritical extraction, distillation, and the enhancement of oil recovery. The location of the critical point determines whether or not retrograde condensation or evaporation (Hicks and Young, 1975) will occur. The vapor pressure curve of a pure liquid ends at the gasliquid critical point, whereas in a binary mixture, at any composition, liquid and vapor coexist in equilibrium between the dew and bu...

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“…As a check on these calculations, consider first a more sophisticated calculation which takes into account the fact that two components, and hence four phases, are involved in the first order transition. This generalized Clapeyron equation takes the form [44] AS , -A AS"…”

Section: Effects Of Atmospheric Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Temperatures of the Hydrates of Na2SO4, Na2HPO4, and KF as Fixed Points in Biomedical Thermometry

Magin¹,

Mangum²,

Statler³

et al. 1981

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The hydrate transition temperatures of Na1S04 'IOH10 to Na1S04' KF· 2H10 to KF, and Na2HPO.· 7H20 to Na2HPO. '2H10 were established using AeS grade salts as 32.374 °e, 41.422 °e, and 48.222 °e, respectively. A simple and reliable procedure involving inexpensive materials was used to realize these transitions as temperature fixed points. Each transition temperature was attained within 30 minutes of hydrate initiation and remained constant to within ±0.002 °e for more than 10 hours if the mixture was stirred. The established transition temperatures were sensitive at the 0.001 °e level to the amount of impurities, so the materials used should be of the highest quality available.These systems fill a gap in the existing spectrum of temperature standards and should be useful in biomed· icallaboratories for calibrating thermometers.

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A commentary on the scientific writings of J. Willard Gibbs

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of mesoscopic misfit on growth, morphology, electronic properties and magnetism of nanostructures at metallic surfaces

Effect of mesoscopic misfit on growth, morphology, electronic properties and magnetism of nanostructures at metallic surfaces

Calculating critical transitions of fluid mixtures: Theory vs. experiment

Transition Temperatures of the Hydrates of Na2SO4, Na2HPO4, and KF as Fixed Points in Biomedical Thermometry

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