“…Karkkainen (2002) characterizes this as 1960s “quest for perfect rationality” which is “doomed to futility” because not all information is “free, abundant, and unerringly accurate” (p. 926). In the spirit of Miller (1979), several articles at the turn of the 21st century expressed similar skepticism about science (see Fox & Fisher, 2001; Grabill, 2000; Patterson & Lee, 1997; Richardson, 2005; Rude, 1995; Wilkins, 2003; Wilson, 2001). Many EPA national policies such as acceptable or safe levels of pollutants, for example, lead in drinking water, often depend on setting definite, quantified levels that are frequently contested in the scientific literature and in the courts.…”