Abstract:Remote monitoring of physical activity using body-worn sensors provides an alternative to assessment of functional independence by subjective, paper-based questionnaires. This study investigated the classification accuracy of a combined surface electromyographic (sEMG) and accelerometer (ACC) sensor system for monitoring activities of daily living in patients with stroke. sEMG and ACC data (eight channels each) were recorded from 10 hemiparetic patients while they carried out a sequence of 11 activities of dai… Show more
“…Wearable sensors are emerging as a potential method of remotely monitoring and objectively measuring participation [4]. Accelerometers are increasingly being used to measure physical activity with adult populations, including people with stroke [5][6][7]. However, these devices do not adequately measure outings because they do not record where an outdoor activity occurred or its duration.…”
Aim. Self-report diaries are a low-cost method of measuring community participation but may be inaccurate, while the "gold standard," observation is time consuming and costly. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and validity of a global positioning system (GPS) for measuring outings after stroke. Design. Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods. Twenty ambulant people with stroke wore a GPS device and kept a diary for 7 days, and 18 were observed for half a day. We recorded recruitment rate, user perceptions, and data extraction time. GPS data were analysed against Google maps. Percent exact agreement (PEA) with observation was calculated for GPS and diary. Results. Of 23 eligible participants, 20 consented (mean 3.6 years after stroke). GPS data recovery was high (87%). Some participants had difficulty operating the on/off switch and reading the small screen. Data extraction took an average of 5 hours per participant. PEA with observation was high for number of outings (GPS 94%; diary 89%) but lower for purpose of outings (GPS 71%; diary 82%). Conclusions. The GPS device and diary were both feasible and valid for measuring outings after stroke. Simultaneous use of GPS and diaries is recommended for comprehensive analysis of outings.
“…Wearable sensors are emerging as a potential method of remotely monitoring and objectively measuring participation [4]. Accelerometers are increasingly being used to measure physical activity with adult populations, including people with stroke [5][6][7]. However, these devices do not adequately measure outings because they do not record where an outdoor activity occurred or its duration.…”
Aim. Self-report diaries are a low-cost method of measuring community participation but may be inaccurate, while the "gold standard," observation is time consuming and costly. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and validity of a global positioning system (GPS) for measuring outings after stroke. Design. Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods. Twenty ambulant people with stroke wore a GPS device and kept a diary for 7 days, and 18 were observed for half a day. We recorded recruitment rate, user perceptions, and data extraction time. GPS data were analysed against Google maps. Percent exact agreement (PEA) with observation was calculated for GPS and diary. Results. Of 23 eligible participants, 20 consented (mean 3.6 years after stroke). GPS data recovery was high (87%). Some participants had difficulty operating the on/off switch and reading the small screen. Data extraction took an average of 5 hours per participant. PEA with observation was high for number of outings (GPS 94%; diary 89%) but lower for purpose of outings (GPS 71%; diary 82%). Conclusions. The GPS device and diary were both feasible and valid for measuring outings after stroke. Simultaneous use of GPS and diaries is recommended for comprehensive analysis of outings.
“…Placement of the sensors on the wrist has previously been confirmed as a valid approach in this type of sit- uation [36]. Even though some reports show that the wrists might be the worst location for obtaining good HAR results [52], the need to evaluate abnormal behavior means that this placement is more suitable, as opposed to the torso or the legs, for instance, as they barely reflect any change when the individual is engaged in low-motion activities such as reading.…”
Section: Proposed Approach For Stroke Episode Recognition and Stroke mentioning
Abstract. The increasing prevalence of wearable sensors and low-cost mobile devices have prompted the development of systems for automated diagnosis. Here we focus on models and algorithms for the early detection of strokes that are implanted in a wearable device that generates warning alarms and automatically connects to e-health services, ensuring timely interventions at the onset of a stroke. The proposed approach employs two wearable devices to monitor movement data that involve two main stages: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and alarm generation. Two different HAR methods capable of classifying current human activity are developed and compared: one uses genetic fuzzy finite-state machines, and the other relies on Time Series (TS) analysis. Furthermore, an algorithm using Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) TS representation is proposed for alarm generation purposes, which is triggered by the detection of anomalous movements. The proposed methods are evaluated using realistic data gathered from healthy individuals. A discussion of topics related to the learning issues involved in these techniques is included. It is worth mentioning that the proposed algorithms can be easily transferred to embedded systems and can benefit from reduced learning costs.
“…In stroke patients with spasticity or motor paralysis, it is possible to follow functional changes by using EMG to clarify characteristics of standing and standing-up in hemiplegic stroke patients [7][8][9][10]. It is also possible to observe characteristics of posture in those with Parkinson's disease via EMG [11].…”
Objective: For the convenient use of electromyography devices in physical rehabilitation during locomotion, we developed a simple, low-cost 2-channel electromyography telemeter (LC-EMGT) that can be connected wirelessly with a personal computer (PC) microphone port.The aim of this study was to verify whether the performance of our LC-EMGT fulfills the need for monitoring EMG during locomotion of patients in rehabilitation. For this purpose, we compared the performance of our LC-EMGT with an existing EMG device (NeuropackΣ).
Methods:Muscle activity of the left and right vastus medialis were recorded when the participant repeated a standing-up movement for 10 seconds at 55-bpm speed. The EMG signal was simultaneously recorded by the LC-EMGT and NeuropackΣ. We compared the waveform of these EMG signals and their root mean squared signals in appearance and by cross-correlation analysis. Also, we monitored the orthopedic patients' EMG waveforms during standing-up and ascending stairs.
Results:The cross-correlation analysis demonstrated an approximately 170-ms delay in EMG measurement by LC-EMGT due to the wireless signal transformation. Meanwhile, the amplitudes of the waveforms in the LC-EMGT were almost equal to those of the NeuropackΣ. In addition, with the LC-EMGT, we could visually monitor EMG waveforms of the patients during standing-up and stair climbing on-line using a PC.
Conclusion:Consequently, the LC-EMGT was as reliable as the existing EMG device at monitoring EMG signals and is available as an EMG monitor in real-time. The LC-EMGT is cost-effective, convenient, and may be generally used in various clinical and sports situations.
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