A Combined Reaction Path Search and Hybrid Solvation Method for the Systematic Exploration of Elementary Reactions at the Solid–Liquid Interface

Abstract

We present a combined simulation method of single-component artificial force induced reaction (SC-AFIR) and effective screening medium combined with the reference interaction site model (ESM-RISM), termed SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM. SC-AFIR automatically and systematically explores the chemical reaction pathway, and ESM-RISM directly simulates the precise electronic structure at the solid−liquid interface. Hence, SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM enables us to explore reliable reaction pathways at the solid−liquid interface. We applied it to explore the dissociation pathway of an H 2 O molecule at the Cu(111)/water interface. The reaction path networks of the whole reaction and the minimum energy paths from H 2 O to H 2 + O depend on the interfacial environment. The qualitative difference in the energy diagrams and the resulting change in the kinematically favored dissociation pathway upon changing the solvation environments are discussed. We believe that SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM will be a powerful tool to reveal the details of chemical reactions in surface catalysis and electrochemistry.