A combined experimental and theoretical approach to quantitative assessment of microstructure in PLA/PP/Organo-Clay nanocomposites; wide-angle x-ray scattering and rheological analysis

Razavi, Masoud; Kazerouni, Yasaman; Otadi, Mahmood; Khonakdar, Hossein Ali; Jafari, Seyed Hassan; Ebadi‐Dehaghani, Hassan; Mousavi, Seyed Hesam

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.036

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This decreases matrix/dispersed phase viscosity ratio that in turn reduces the viscose forces needed to break the dispersed phase into smaller droplets. As expected, incorporation of PTW to the PP/PLA/Cloisite 15A(75/25/5) sample reduces the PLA droplet size due to it is compatibilizing effect and improving interfacial interactions between the PP and PLA phases of the blend . The PLA droplet size in the compatibilized nanocomposite is almost similar to that in the neat blend.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…As expected, incorporation of PTW to the PP/PLA/Cloisite 15A(75/25/5) sample reduces the PLA droplet size due to it is compatibilizing effect and improving interfacial interactions between the PP and PLA phases of the blend. 23 The PLA droplet size in the compatibilized nanocomposite is almost similar to that in the neat blend. Moreover, presence of compatibilizer may lead to migration of clay nanoplatelets and change their localization within the blend components that may have its own contribution in changing the PLA droplet size.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The neat PP exhibits five distinct crystalline peaks at 2θ values of 21.9°, 21.8°, 18.5°, 16.8°, and 14.0° corresponding to 041, 111, 130, 040, and 110 reflections of the monoclinic α‐crystalline structure of PP, respectively. It is worth noting that the main characteristic peaks of PP and Cloisite 15A are located at 2θ = 14° and 2θ = 2.6°, respectively . The integral of crystalline region ( I crystal ) and amorphous zone (I amorph ) are employed for calculating the degree of crystallinity (% X ) from the WAXS results, % X = I crystal / ( I crystal + I amorph ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mechanism for degradation process was proposed according to the changes of chemical bonds during the degradation process probed by FTIR analysis. 16 A detailed literature survey reveals that rheological behavior, 23,24 mechanical properties, 25,26 crystallization process, 27 molecular dynamics simulation, 28 and gas permeability 28 of clay-containing PP/PLA nanocomposites have been studied; however, there are no reports on thermal stability and degradation of this system and its correlation with the system microstructure. There are several influential parameters on thermal degradation behavior of this system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental and theoretical mechanistic analysis of thermal degradation of polypropylene/polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites

Karimpour‐Motlagh

Khonakdar

Jafari

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polypropylene/polylactic acid (PP/PLA) blends containing 5 wt% of nanoclay in presence and absence of an ethylene‐butylacrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer as compatibilizer were prepared by melt‐mixing process. A matrix‐droplet–type morphology confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies is formed in presence and absence of the compatibilizer in which the clay platelets were mainly localized in the polylactic acid (PLA) dispersed phase. Degradation studies by means of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and analysis of degradation activation energy (Ea), Tmax (maximum degradation temperature), and ΔT (difference between initial and final degradation temperatures) parameters for each polymer component of the system revealed that incorporation of less stable PLA phase to polypropylene (PP) decreases Ea and Tmax parameters, and hence, reduces the thermal stability of PP phase, while incorporation of clay nanoplatelets to the neat blend further reduces its thermal stability attributed to their lack of localization in PP phase. Compatibilization of the filled system results in migration of clay nanoplatelets toward PP and improves Ea and Tmax of PP phase. On the other hand, the Ea and Tmax of PLA phase of the blend were increased with incorporation of clay and its localization within that phase, while compatibilization of the filled system slightly reduces thermal stability of PLA phase due to migration of clay toward PP. A correlation was found between Ea and intensity of the thermogravimetry analysis Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA‐FTIR) peaks of the evolved products. Using the Criado method, a detailed analysis on degradation mechanism of each component was performed, and the changes in the degradation mechanism of the developed systems were determined.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental and theoretical mechanistic analysis of thermal degradation of polypropylene/polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites

Karimpour‐Motlagh

Khonakdar

Jafari

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), an aliphatic polyester, is one of the most biodegradable and commercially available bio‐based polymers . It is derived from renewable resources, is easily processed and exhibits great physical properties; it has a wide range of applications in food packaging, drug delivery systems and also in industrial use . However, different drawbacks such as its brittleness, low thermal stability and slow crystallization rate have limited PLA applications until now .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanoparticle localization on the rheology, morphology and toughness of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/nanosilica

Nematollahi

Jalali‐Arani

Modarress

2019

Polymer International

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In this study, poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends and their nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles were prepared via the melt mixing process. The rheology, morphology and impact resistance of the prepared samples were examined depending on the silica content (0–7 phr) and its localization. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of silica below its percolation threshold led to its selective localization in the matrix and mostly near the interface. This was in agreement with the results obtained by calculation of the wetting parameter. At a high content of silica, the silica nanoparticles could also be located in the dispersed phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and compositional mapping of oxygen and silicon atoms proved the presence of nanoparticles at the interface. The formation of a silica nanolayer with a thickness of 55–70 nm at the interface was shown by AFM. An optimum amount of nanosilica in the blend, through its interfacial localization and reduction of the natural rubber droplet size (confirmed by SEM test), caused a significant improvement in the impact strength, which was nearly 26 times that of neat poly(lactic acid). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Rheological behavior and morphology of poly(lactic acid)/low‐density polyethylene blends based on virgin and recycled polymers: Compatibilization with natural surfactants

Casamento

D’Anna

Arrigo

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blends based on poly(lactic acid) and low-density polyethylene were compatibilized exploiting an innovative strategy involving the introduction of different mixtures of two sustainable liquid surfactants characterized by dissimilar hydrophilic-lipophilic ratios. The compatibilization method was first applied on blends made of virgin polymers, aiming at assessing the surfactant mixture inducing a more significant morphology refinement. Besides, to verify the effectiveness of the selected compatibilizers on recycled materials, the same process was carried out on blends based on reprocessed polymers. Interestingly, the compatibilization caused a significant microstructure modification, with a decrease of 54% of the mean size of the dispersed particles, in the case of virgin polymers-based blends, with a consequent increase of 19% of the dynamic elastic modulus. On the other hand, in the case of reprocessed polymers-based blends, a different compatibilizer efficiency was observed, as the noncompatibilized blend showed amore regular microstructure compared to the compatibilized counterpart.

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A combined experimental and theoretical approach to quantitative assessment of microstructure in PLA/PP/Organo-Clay nanocomposites; wide-angle x-ray scattering and rheological analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

An experimental and theoretical mechanistic analysis of thermal degradation of polypropylene/polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites

An experimental and theoretical mechanistic analysis of thermal degradation of polypropylene/polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites

Effect of nanoparticle localization on the rheology, morphology and toughness of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/nanosilica

Rheological behavior and morphology of poly(lactic acid)/low‐density polyethylene blends based on virgin and recycled polymers: Compatibilization with natural surfactants

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