A combination of three plasma bile acids as a putative biomarker for schizophrenia

Tao, Yanlin; Zheng, Fang; Cui, Donghong; Huang, Fei; Wu, Xiaojun

doi:10.1017/neu.2020.42

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Correlation analysis found a negative correlation with schizophrenia symptoms. 18 Taken together, these results suggest that bile acids may play an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there are a limited number of reports concerning the relationship between bile…”

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confidence: 80%

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Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis

Sun

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim: Gut microbiota and its metabolite bile acids may play a significant role in the occurrence and development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study analyzes gut microbiota and bile acids, as well as their correlation in patients.Methods: Thirty-one patients with MDD and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. We collected their both blood and feces. Plasma bile acid content was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was detected by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and subsequently analyzed. We also analyzed the correlation between different gut microbiota, bile acids, and Hamilton Depression (HAMD) score. Results:The α-diversity analysis found that Simpson and Pielou evenness index was much higher in HCs than in the patients with MDD. The β-diversity of the two groups were differences by nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified 16 different strains. Bile acids detection showed that 23-nordeoxycholic acid in patients with MDD was significantly higher than in HCs, whereas taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), and lithocholic acid 3-sulfate were significantly lower. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Turicibacteraceae, Turicibacterales, and Turicibacter were positively related with TLCA, GLCA, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), and taurodeoxycholic acid, and were negatively correlated with HAMD score. At the same time, TLCA, GLCA, and GDCA were negatively correlated with HAMD score.Conclusions: Gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism are disturbances in MDD, and there exists a correlation between gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism. Moreover, their interaction may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD.

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confidence: 80%

“…In a study of plasma bile acids in patients with schizophrenia, CA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were significantly reduced. Correlation analysis found a negative correlation with schizophrenia symptoms 18 …”

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confidence: 92%

Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis

Sun

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…During this process, most BAs arereabsorbed and undergo enterohepatic recirculation through the portal venous system,with only a small fraction reaching the systemic circulation. Even though, theselection of plasma BAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers to distinguishpatients with schizophrenia ( 38 ) or diabetes ( 39 ) from healthy controls. To elucidatethe role of BAs in the liver-brain axis in MUDs, this study profiled plasma BAs,finding that the concentrations of several key BAs were significantly lower in MUDpatients than in HCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Comorbidities and Liver Injury Are Associated With Unbalanced Plasma Bile Acid Profile During Methamphetamine Withdrawal

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundThe pathogenesis of methamphetamine usedisorders (MUDs) remains largely unknown; however, bile acids may play arole as potential mediators of liver injury and psychiatric comorbidities.The aim of this study was to characterize bile acid (BA) profiles in plasmaof patients with MUDs undergoing withdrawal.MethodsLiver functions and psychiatric symptoms wereevaluated in a retrospective cohort (30 MUDs versus 30 control subjects) andan exploratory cohort (30 MUDs including 10 subjects each at the 7-day,3-month, and 12-month withdrawal stages versus 10 control subjects). BAcompositions in plasma samples from MUD patients in the exploratory cohortwere determined by gas-liquid chromatography.ResultsBoth psychiatric comorbidities andmethamphetamine-induced liver injury were observed in patients in both MUDcohorts. The plasma concentrations of the total BA, cholic acid (CA), andchenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were lower in MUD patients relative tocontrols. The maximum decline was observed at the 3-month stage, withgradual recovery at the 12-month stage. Notably, the ratios of deoxycholicacid (DCA)/CA and lithocholic acid (LCA)/CDCA were statistically significantat the 3-month stage comparing with controls. Significant correlations werefound between the LCA/CDCA and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA)/CDCA ratios andthe levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, andbetween the LCA/CDCA ratio and the HAM-A score.ConclusionBA profile during METH withdrawal weremarkedly altered, with these unbalanced BAs being associated with liverinjury. The associations between BA profiles and psychiatric symptomssuggest an association between specific BAs and disease progression,possibly through the liver-brain axis.

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“…Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) is a natural secondary bile acid, which can be detected in human blood (Tao et al, 2021). It has been found to have multiple pharmacological effects, including preventing gallstone formation (Singhal et al, 1984), lowering blood lipid (Watanabe and Fujita, 2014), alleviating atherosclerosis (Shih et al, 2013), and improving glucose homeostasis (Zheng et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hyodeoxycholic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia inflammatory responses through regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

et al. 2022

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Background: Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) is a natural secondary bile acid with enormous pharmacological effects, such as modulating inflammation in neuron. However, whether HDCA could suppress microglial inflammation has not been elucidated yet. Aims: To determine the anti-microglial inflammatory effect of HDCA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) models and its mechanisms. Methods: The effect of HDCA was evaluated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells in vitro and the cortex of LPS-treated mice in vivo. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to visualize the localization of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1), respectively. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5), and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), NF-κB, and inhibitor of NF-κB protein α (IκBα) was examined by Western blot. Results: HDCA inhibited the inflammatory responses in LPS-treated BV2 cells and in the cortex of LPS-treated mice, evidenced by decreased production of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Further study demonstrated that HDCA repressed the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB and inhibited the activation of AKT in BV-2 cells induced by LPS. Meanwhile, addition of TGR5 inhibitor, triamterene, abolished the effects of HDCA on TGR5, AKT, and NF-κB. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that HDCA prevents LPS-induced microglial inflammation in vitro and in vivo, the action of which is via regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

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A combination of three plasma bile acids as a putative biomarker for schizophrenia

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis

Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis

Psychiatric Comorbidities and Liver Injury Are Associated With Unbalanced Plasma Bile Acid Profile During Methamphetamine Withdrawal

Hyodeoxycholic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia inflammatory responses through regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

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