A combination of probiotics and whey proteins enhances anti-obesity effects of calcium and dairy products during nutritional energy restriction in aP2-agouti transgenic mice

Abstract

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus paracasei TMC0409, Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543 and whey proteins were used to prepare fermented milk. For the experiment aP2 -agouti transgenic mice were pre-treated with a high-sucrose/high-fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity. The obese mice were fed a diet containing 1·2 % Ca and either non-fat dried milk (NFDM) or probiotic-fermented milk (PFM) with nutritional energy restriction for 6 weeks. The animals were examined after the treatment for changes in body weight, fat pad weight, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, lypolysis, the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle and the presence of biomarkers for oxidative and inflammatory stress in plasma. It was found that the PFM diet significantly reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and adipocyte FAS activity, and increased adipocyte lipolysis as compared with the effects of the NFDM diet (P,0·05). The adipose tissue gene expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11b-HSD1) was significantly suppressed in mice that were fed PFM as compared with those that were fed NFDM (P,0·05). PFM caused a greater up-regulation of skeletal muscle PPARa, PPARd, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and GLUT4 expression and a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of insulin, malondialdehyde, TNF-a, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein as compared with the effects of NFDM (P, 0·05). Fermentation of milk with selected probiotics and supplementation of milk with whey proteins may thus enhance anti-obesity effects of Ca and dairy products by the suppression of adipose tissue lipogenesis, activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory stress.

The anti-obesity effects ofLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota versus Orlistat on high fat diet-induced obese rats

“…Recent studies highlighted that some bacterial strains, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., play a role in energy metabolism and weight management in obese rats and humans ( 21 – 23 ). Identifying which bacterial strain should be used as a probiotic supplement is extremely important because it has been suggested that the health-promoting properties of probiotics are strain-dependent ( 24 ).…”

Some current applications, limitations and future perspectives of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics

“…Significant suppression of the adipose tissue gene expression of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Stimulating significant up regulation of skeletal muscle and causing significant decrease in the plasma concentration of insulin, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, monocyte, chemodactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein.[32] Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (W101)Vegetable productDecrease in formation of lipid plaques in the aorta, reduced the adipocyte cross-sectional area and diameter, and reduced the levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator associated receptor γ (PPARγ), and C/EBPα.…”

Calcium supplementation modulates gut microbiota in a prebiotic manner in dietary obese mice

“…Human studies have shown that dietary calcium intake is inversely associated with body weight, body fat or body mass index and although weight loss is sometimes not dramatic, it would be considered significant at a population level . Transgenic animal models (with an overexpression of the agouti gene in adipocytes) have helped in the elucidation of the potential mechanism of calcium in these particular cells . Overall, it is suggested that this nutrient (sometimes in conjunction with vitamin D) increases faecal energy loss and leads to a less positive energy balance .…”