A combination of POSS and polyphosphazene for reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin

Abstract

Extensive application of epoxy resins (EPs) is highly limited by their intrinsic flammability. Combining EPs with nanoparticles and phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardants is an effective approach to overcome the drawback. In this work, simultaneous incorporation of octa‐aminophenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OapPOSS) and polyphosphazene into EP was reported for the first time. Significantly, reduced peak of heat release rate and UL‐94 V‐0 rating were achieved by tuning suitable ratios of polyphosphazene and OapPOSS for EP composites. During combustion, polyphosphazene promoted char formation and released nonflammable gases such as CO2, NH3, and N2 to dilute oxygen concentration and cool pyrolysis zone. Moreover, numerous phosphorus‐containing species acting as free radical scavengers were generated during degradation. Silicon dioxide evolving from OapPOSS protected char residues from thermal degradation. This study provides a novel method to fabricate high‐performance flame‐retardant EP composites, which have potential applications in the field of electrics and electronics.

Effect of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Nanoparticles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Composite Materials

“…Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are novel hybrid materials that have three‐dimensional inorganic–organic, structurally well‐defined cage‐like molecules and the sizes range from 1 to 3 nm, with the empirical formula RSiO 1.5 (where R may be a hydrogen atom or an organic functional group, for example, alkyl, alkylene, acrylate, hydroxyl, or epoxide unit). As a result of advantageous properties created by the possibility of incorporation of variety of reactive functional groups into their molecule, POSS have a wide range of applications, including modification of both thermoplastic and thermoset polymeric materials by chemical cross‐linking or physical blending methods .…”

“…The presence of reactive groups, which can interact with the polymer matrix and modify the properties of the polymer layer at the interface, causes that the POSS affect the processability and physical–mechanical properties of the composite such as thermal and viscoelastic properties, mechanical strengths, dielectric constants, surface hydrophobicity, and flame‐retardancy . However, it should be noted that type of influence of the POSS on the properties of polymer composite depends on various factors, that is, POSS structure and type of polymer (an elastomer, a plastomer), processing conditions as well as compatibility of POSS with the polymer.…”

Activated carbon spheres (ACS)@SnO2@NiO with a 3D nanospherical structure and its synergistic effect with AHP on improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resin

“…However, its flammability and the emission of a large amount of smoke and hazardous gases during combustion limit its applications. Significant effort has been undertaken by the academic and industrial community to improve the fire safety of EP resin …”

Facile fabrication of organically modified boron nitride nanosheets and its effect on the thermal stability, flame retardant, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane

“…Just as other polymer materials, however, the further applications of TPU in some fields are seriously hindered due to its high flammability. Therefore, many research works about layered nanomaterials have been devoted to deal with the fire hazards of polymeric materials . For example, Shi et al employed the synergistic effect between carbon nitride and aluminum phosphinates to suppress the smoke production of polystyrene during combustion and improve the flame retardant as well .…”

“…Therefore, many research works about layered nanomaterials have been devoted to deal with the fire hazards of polymeric materials. 12,13 For example, Shi et al employed the synergistic effect between carbon nitride and aluminum phosphinates to suppress the smoke production of polystyrene during combustion and improve the flame retardant as well. 12 In addition, layered nanomaterial including graphene and boron nitride was used widely to improve the flame retardant of TPU material.…”