A Combination of Physical and Cognitive Exercise Improves Reaction Time in Persons 61–84 Years Old

León, J. de; Ureña, Aurelio; Bolaños, Manuel Jorge; Bilbao, A.; Oña, A.

doi:10.1123/japa.23.1.72

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Across 43 studies and 491 effect estimates, the overall effect of combined interventions on cognitive function was moderate and statistically significant, Hedges’ g = 0.34 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.55), with high heterogeneity (τ 2 = 0.29, I 2 = 82%). The funnel plot revealed two conspicuous outliers, both reporting implausibly large g values of 1.74 (Laatar et al, 2018) and 4.52-5.54 (Leon et al, 2015) under high risk of bias. The studies were therefore removed from all further analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Examples of sequential training include separate sessions of aerobic and resistance training, and computerized cognitive training (see Table 1 for details). Thirteen studies used a simultaneous design (Boa Sorte Silva et al, 2018b; Combourieu Donnezan et al, 2018; Hiyamizu et al, 2012; Kitazawa et al, 2015; Laatar et al, 2018; Leon et al, 2015; Mrakic-Sposta et al, 2018; Nishiguchi et al, 2015; Norouzi et al, 2019; Park et al, 2019; Reigal and Mendo, 2014; Rezola-Pardo et al, 2019; Shimada et al, 2018), such as learning complex stepping patterns, solving cognitive tasks while simultaneously performing strength and balance exercises, or conducting computerized cognitive training during aerobic exercise on bikes. Seventeen studies included exergaming interventions (Adcock et al, 2020; Anderson-Hanley et al, 2018; Bacha et al, 2018; Barcelos et al, 2015; Delbroek et al, 2017; Eggenberger et al, 2016; Gschwind et al, 2015; Htut et al, 2018; Hughes et al, 2014; Karssemeijer et al, 2019; Maillot et al, 2012; Pompeu et al, 2012; Schattin et al, 2016; Schoene et al, 2013; Schoene et al, 2015; Song et al, 2018; Stanmore et al, 2019), examples include videogame dancing, cybercycling exergames, and commercial videogames with cognitively challenging components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Gavelin

Dong

Minkov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Large systematic reviews have pointed to the efficacy of cognitive training and physical exercise on cognitive performance in older adults, making them the most common interventions in multidomain dementia prevention trials. However, it remains unclear to which extent combinations of these interventions yield additive effects beyond their individual components and what combination strategies are most beneficial. Our aim therefore was to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials of combined cognitive and physical training on cognitive, physical, psychosocial and functional outcomes in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, and to compare and rank the efficacy of the three main types of combined intervention delivery formats (simultaneous, sequential or exergaming) relative to either intervention alone or control conditions. Methods and Findings We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from inception to 23 July 2019. Change from baseline to post-intervention were extracted for each outcome and results were analyzed using random-effects models. The overall efficacy of combined interventions was assessed using multivariate pairwise meta-analysis and the comparative efficacy across different intervention delivery formats and control conditions was investigated using network meta-analysis. A total of 47 trials encompassing 4052 participants were eligible, including cognitively healthy older adults (k=30), mild cognitive impairment (k=13), dementia (k=2) and Parkinson disease (k=2). Due to the small number of identified studies in dementia and Parkinson disease, these were excluded from the pooled analyses and instead summarized narratively. Relative to any control condition, combined interventions were associated with small and heterogeneous effects on overall cognitive (k=41, Hedges g = 0.22, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.30, prediction interval -0.34 to 0.78) and physical function (k=32, g = 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.37, prediction interval -0.46 to 0.96). Cognitive and physical effects were similar for cognitively healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment. No robust evidence for benefit on psychosocial function (k=9) or functional abilities (k=2) was found. The efficacy of simultaneous and sequential training for cognition exceeded all control conditions apart from cognitive training alone, with small to moderate effect estimates and moderate certainty of the evidence. The efficacy of simultaneous and sequential training on physical outcomes was comparable but not significantly greater than physical exercise alone. Exergaming was ranked low for both outcomes and superior only to passive control. The certainty of the evidence was low for physical outcomes, and we were not able to compare interventions in Parkinson disease and dementia. Conclusion Combined cognitive and physical training, delivered either simultaneously or sequentially, is efficacious for cognitive and physical outcomes in cognitively healthy and mildly impaired older adults, but not superior to cognitive or physical exercise alone in each domain. There is little systematic evidence to support potential additive effects of combined interventions or the use of exergaming in older adults. Given simultaneous training is as efficacious but less burdensome than sequential design, the former may be better suited for practical implementation to promote cognitive alongside physical health in late life. More research is needed to establish the effects of combined interventions on everyday function and well-being.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Gavelin

Dong

Minkov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…En cuanto a la orientación de las sesiones, se ha estudiado principalmente los programas de ejercicios aeróbicos junto a otras tareas motoras (Gálvez et al, 2011;León et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto Del Incremento De Intensidad Y Frecuencia Semanal Sobre La Condición Física En Personas Mayores Activas Que Proporcionan Los Programas: Ejercicio Funcional Con Bandas Elásticas Vs Lúdico- Recreativo

Franco

Bravo

Cayo

et al. 2017

ESJ

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This study examines the impact of a program of functional exercise with elastic resistance band (centered on joint multi-resistance elastic band; experimental group, EG) versus an entertainment content (recreational exercise program compared to a recreational exercise program; control group, CG). It also examines the physical fitness in older active people who are over 60 years. Fifty-four volunteers who are residents of the community have an age range (70.57 ± 5.46 years). Before and after the intervention, physical fitness was determined through the Senior Fitness Test (strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, and agility-dynamic balance) and the Manual Dynamometry Test. In the comparison INTER groups, the EG in flexibility improves p < 0.05 and in dynamic agility-balance p < 0.01. INTRA groups, EG and CG in leg and arm strength, presented improvements p < 0.001 and in manual isometry European Scientific Journal August 2017 edition Vol.13, No.24 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 18 p < 0.05. Based on the flexibility of legs and arms, the EG presents improvements p < 0.05. Also, the CG only in right arm flexibility presents improvement p < 0.05. In agility-dynamic equilibrium, only the EG presents improvement p < 0.01. In expected aerobic performance, only the CG presented improvement p < 0.05. Strength improvement and increased manual grip maintain functional autonomy in both groups. Coupled with the improved agility-dynamic balance and flexibility of the EG, it gives the adult more independence which reduces the risk of falls in this population. In our findings, the EG significantly improved all fitness variables to a greater extent than CG. We recommend an increase in the intensity and frequency of physical activity programs and the inclusion of functional exercises with elastic bands aimed at this population. Keywords: Aging, physical activity program, physical fitness ResumenEste estudio examina el impacto de un programa de ejercicio funcional con banda elástica (centrado en actividades conjuntas multiresistencia de banda elástica; grupo experimental, GE) vs uno lúdico-recreativo; grupo control, GC, sobre la condición física en personas mayores activas de más de 60 años, 54 voluntarios residentes en la comunidad edad (70,57 ± 5,46 años). Antes y después de la intervención, se determinó la condición física a través del Senior Fitness Test (fuerza, flexibilidad, resistencia aeróbica y agilidad-equilibrio dinámico) y el Test de Dinamometría Manual. En la comparación INTER grupos, el GE en flexibilidad mejora p<0.05 y en agilidad-equilibrio dinámico p<0.01; INTRA grupos, el GE y el GC en fuerza de piernas y brazos presentan mejoras p<0.001, y en isometría manual p<0.05; en flexibilidad de piernas y brazos el GE presenta mejoras p<0.05, el GC solo en flexibilidad de brazo derecho presenta mejoría p<0.05; En agilidadequilibrio dinámico solo el GE presenta mejoría p<0.01; y en rendimiento aeróbico esperado solo el GC presenta mejoría p<0,05. La mejora de fuerza, y el incremento de prensión manual man...

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“…De fato, uma revisão sistemática com metanálise mostrou que o treino cognitivo-motor promove melhora do controle postural estático e dinâmico de idosos saudáveis 15 tanto em ambiente real quanto virtual 29 , afinal o aumento de demanda cognitiva é desafiador e tende a aumentar a instabilidade postural dessa população 12 . No entanto, a maioria dos autores tende a analisar os efeitos de intervenções com duplas tarefas pouco desafiadoras 15,[30][31][32] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…As metanálises com desfechos cognitivos 28,33 e controle postural 15 , apontam limitações metodológicas dos ensaios clínicos que inviabilizam comparações entre os desfechos e os diversos instrumentos de mensuração utilizados. As limitações comuns mencionadas na literatura são: as diferenças entre as demandas cognitivas e motoras; o número de sessões; a frequência do treino 28 ; a escassez de testes psicométricos ecologicamente validados para examinar a tradução prática dos efeitos da intervenção 32 , e uma baixa padronização na classificação entre os tipos dos treinos cognitivos-motores 27,34,35 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos do treinamento cognitivo-motor no controle postural de idosos: ensaio clínico randomizado

Varise¹

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Introduction: Cognitive-motor training has been shown to prevent and treat cognitive decline; however, findings on its effects on postural control are not consistent. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two multicomponent cognitive-motor training programs on postural control in independent and autonomous community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a randomized and controlled longitudinal single-blind clinical trial with two parallel groups of independent and autonomous community-dwelling adults, 60 years of age or older. The study was performed in the University of São Paulo. The blocks were distributed in two groups through a random process (4: 4) with blocks of 8 participants. The generated numbers were placed in opaque sealed envelopes that were opened by the physical therapist who applied the interventions. The multicomponent group (MT) underwent multicomponent training with task-oriented exercise. The multicomponent plus group (MT+) underwent the same training as the MT with the addition of a cognitive overload (memorization, arithmetic calculation and Stroop task). All participants completed fourteen 50-minute sessions, which were held twice weekly over seven weeks. The primary measurement was postural control, evaluated using the Mini-BESTest before and after the intervention and 30 days after the training program was completed. The study was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under study number RBR-99xnc6. Results: Between September 2017 and December 2018, 32 participants participated in the study. In total, three participants gave up. Twenty-nine participants were allocated in the MT (n = 14) or MT + (n = 15). There was a time effect and Total Mini-BESTest score (F (2; 54) = 20.8; p = 0.001; observed power = 1.0. Post-intervention improvement (Tukey post-hoc test; p = 0.0001), which remained in the follow-up assessment (Tukey's post-hoc test; p = 0.0002), regardless of the group. found time effect on the anticipatory domain (F (2.54) = 6.9, p = 0.002; observed power = 1.0); sensory orientation (F (2.54) = 8.2; p = 0.001; observed power = 1.0) and dynamic gait (F (2.54) = 9.5; p = 0.001; observed power = 1.0) There was an improvement in post-intervention evaluation (Tukey's post-hoc test, p <0.05) that remained in the follow-up evaluation (Tukey's post-hoc test; p <0.05), regardless of the group. The simple task timed up and go analysis of TUG showed a time effect (F (2.54) = 4.8 p = 0.011, observed power = 0.8) and group (F (1.27) = 5.2 p = 0.03, observed power = 0.6). Tukey's post-hoc test on the simple task TUG showed a difference between groups p = 0.03 and time effect p = 0.008 (baseline vs follow-up) regardless of the group. TUG analysis in cognitive task showed time effect (F (2.54) = 3.9; p = 0.026; observed power = 0.7). Tukey's post-hoc dual-task TUG test showed time effect p = 0.03 (baseline vs follow-up) regardless of group. Conclusion: Multicomponent training provided an improvement in postural control in independent elderly, and the addition of ...

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A Combination of Physical and Cognitive Exercise Improves Reaction Time in Persons 61–84 Years Old

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Efecto Del Incremento De Intensidad Y Frecuencia Semanal Sobre La Condición Física En Personas Mayores Activas Que Proporcionan Los Programas: Ejercicio Funcional Con Bandas Elásticas Vs Lúdico- Recreativo

Efeitos do treinamento cognitivo-motor no controle postural de idosos: ensaio clínico randomizado

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