A column method for determination of leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged contaminated soil

Enell, Anja; Reichenberg, Fredrik; Wärfvinge, Per; Ewald, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.026

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, mobilization of indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene in column B2 was negligible, demonstrating very strong sorption of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene to soil under various scenarios evaluated in this research. Obtained results clearly show that the leaching fractions of initial amounts of the studied PAHs are declining with increasing hydrophobicity and molecular size, which is consistent with previous studies conducted on leaching of PAHs [1,39,42].…”

Section: Leaching and Release Behavior Of Benzo(b)fluoranthenesupporting

confidence: 80%

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Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Zand¹,

Grathwohl²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Leaching behavior of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be altered in the presence of organic amendments through enhanced sorption of PAHs to the amended soil. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of biochar in two forms (i.e., crushed and pulverized), and granular activated carbon on immobilization and leaching behavior of selected PAHs from contaminated soil into water using the column leaching test. The influence of biochar particle size on leaching behavior of PAHs in biochar-amended soil was also evaluated for the first time in this study. Results showed relatively high initial concentrations of naphthalene, fluorene, and pyrene for unamended column (B1). Strong sorption of all PAHs to soil was observed in this study. At the end of the experiment less than one percent of the solid phase content of the sum of PAHs was released into water in columns B3 and B4. Change in pH due to the application of organic amendments did not affect PAH leaching results. The addition of pulverized biochar and granular activated carbon to soil remarkably reduced mobilization and leaching of the studied PAHs in most cases; however, higher molecular weight PAHs (i.e., pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)) were mobilized in the presence of crushed biochar in soil. The controlling role of biochar particle size on mobilization and release of PAHs in soil was observed. The application of pulverized biochar and activated carbon increased colloid content of the column effluents while reducing their dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, suggesting a more significant role of colloid-facilitated transport than DOC-associated transport of PAHs in their leaching from carbon-amended soils, particularly for higher molecular weight PAHs. Based on the obtained results, pulverized biochar and granular activated carbon demonstrated promising and comparable performance in immobilizing PAHs in soil and reducing their leaching from soil into water through enhanced sorption of PAH compounds, which is markedly favorable in terms of soil remediation.

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Section: Leaching and Release Behavior Of Benzo(b)fluoranthenesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic contaminants characterized by their high hydrophobicity, resistance to biodegradation, and carcinogenic properties [1]. The widespread occurrence of hydrophobic organic chemicals such as PAHs in soil is a major environmental problem [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Zand¹,

Grathwohl²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Less than 3% was translocated from the surface layer within both soils in agreement with the observed low mobility of PAH fractions in column experiments (Enell et al, 2004;Bauw et al, 1991). In batch experiments, Kim and Osako (2003) observed leaching amounts of 1.7% for phenanthrene and 3.9% for pyrene from sandy soils.…”

Section: Pah Distribution In the Soil Columnssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Similar experiments have identified the important role played by the quantity and quality of soil organic matter in controlling the leaching of PAHs from soils and sediments (Petruzelli et al, 2002;Ran et al, 2007). Other controlling factors influencing the PAH leaching potential include the soil water ratio (Enell et al, 2004;Zand et al, 2010), residence time (Weigand et al, 2002), temperature (Enell et al, 2005), soil grain size (Zhang et al, 2008), soil aging (de Jonge, 2008), ionic strength of the leachate (Kim and Osako, 2003) and surfactant addition to the leachate (Frutos et al, 2011;Ganeshalingam et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, the overall influencing factor on the soil penetration of different PAHs is the K oc value with a clear linear relationship demonstrating decreasing mobility with increasing K oc (Figure 3). Zhang et al (2008) and Enell et al (2004) have shown an equivalent dependence of leaching ability on K ow values. The correlation is considerably stronger for soil A (r 2 = 0.90) possibly due to the lower organic content whereas for soil B (r 2 = 0.58), the higher organic content appears to exert a more pronounced impact on the lighter PAHs, increasing their retention relative to that which occurs in soil A.…”

Section: Pah Distribution In the Soil Columnsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

Revitt

Balogh

Jones

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted from a variety of sources and can accumulate on and within surface soil layers. To investigate the level of potential risk posed by surface contaminated soils, vertical soil column experiments were conducted to assess the mobility, when leached with simulated rainwater, of six selected PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene) with contrasting hydrophobic characteristics and molecular weights/sizes. The only PAH found in the leachate within the experimental period of 26 days was naphthalene. The lack of migration of the other applied PAHs were consistent with their low mobilities within the soil columns which generally parallelled their log K oc values. Thus only 2.3% of fluoranthene, 1.8% of pyrene, 0.2% of benzo(e)pyrene and 0.4% of benzo(ghi)perylene were translocated below the surface layer. The PAH distributions in the soil columns followed decreasing power relationships with 90% reductions in the starting levels being shown to occur within a maximum average depth of 0.94 cm compared to an average starting depth of 0.5 cm. A simple predictive model identifies the extensive time periods, in excess of 10 years, required to mobilise 50% of the benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene from the surface soil layer. Although this reduces to between 2 and 7 years for fluoranthene and pyrene, it is concluded that the possibility of surface applied PAHs reaching and contaminating a groundwater aquifer is unlikely.

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Oral Bioaccessibility and Leaching: Tests for Soil Risk Assessment

Hansen

Oomen

Edelgaard

et al. 2007

Engineering in Life Sciences

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A set of test methods for estimating the risk for human health (oral bioaccessibility tests) and groundwater (leaching tests) was applied to contaminated soils from three sites with different sources of contamination. The bioaccessible soil concentrations of the contaminants cadmium, lead, nickel, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene were considerably lower than the total concentrations. The leached concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cadmium and nickel were below the EU drinking water and Danish groundwater criteria, whereas the leached lead concentrations were below the drinking water criteria but above the groundwater criteria. Based upon the test results, a risk assessment of the soils with respect to human health (oral exposure) and groundwater was established that reflected a reduced availability and mobility of PAH and heavy metals in the soils.

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A column method for determination of leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aged contaminated soil

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Soil mobility of surface applied polyaromatic hydrocarbons in response to simulated rainfall

Oral Bioaccessibility and Leaching: Tests for Soil Risk Assessment

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