A colorimetric method for estimating serum triglycerides

Fletcher, Margaret J.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(68)90041-7

Cited by 1,096 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Total cholesterol levels were determined with portions of the lipid extracts as previously reported (12,13). Phospholipids were determined by the method of Gomori (14) and triglycerides by that of Fletcher (15). Sterols were determined spectrophotometrically (16) and phospholipids were determined by the method of Gomori (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Uchida

Takase

Kadowaki

et al. 1979

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-Changes of cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride or bile acid levels in serum, liver, bile and feces after the treatment with alloxan were examined in Wistar strain male rats. Serum cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride levels and liver cholesterol level markedly increased but liver phospholipid and triglyceride levels remained un changed. The lipid levels in serum very low density and low density lipoproteins were elevated but those in high density lipoprotein were not. Bile flow was not changed but biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acids markedly increased. Among the biliary bile acid components, cholic acid markedly increased but the amount of chenodeoxycholic acid was similar to that of normal rats. Fecal excretion of deoxy cholic acid increased but that of lithocholic and hyodeoxycholic acids decreased, and a-, Q and oi-muricholic acids did not change, thus, the total amount of fecal bile acids remained unchanged.Hepatic cholesterol synthesis was markedly depressed, while cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase activity did not change and cytochrome P-450 content was elevated by about 40 %. From such evidence, it was apparent that synthesis of cholic acid increased while that of chenodeoxycholic acid decreased and the total amount of bile acids synthesized did not change in the diabetic rats. Furthermore, marked increase of the pool size of cholic acid and hepatic secretion of cholic acid stimulated the absorption of lipids and produced a hyperlipidemia in the diabetic rats.Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetics increase markedly and this increase is related to a high incidence of atherosclerosis (1, 2) and cholesterol gallstones (3). Diabetic rats, treated with alloxan or streptozotocin, also developed marked hyperlipidemia (4-10) with a higher incidence of cardiovascular lesions when fed a high cholesterol diet (7). The mechanism by which marked hyperlipidemia is produced in diabetic rats is not fully under stood, but Bierman et al. (6) have postulated that the intake of dietary fat is related to the manifestration of hyperlipidemia, and Nervi et al. (9) found an increase in biliary secretion and daily synthesis of bile acids in alloxan diabetic rats and concluded that hypercholester olemia is due to an increase in cholesterol absorption. We examined cholesterol or bile acid level in serum, liver, bile and feces of alloxan diabetic rats in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism underlying hypercholesterolemia. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g were kept in an air-conditioned room (25 --1 °C, 50-60% humidity) lighted 12 hr a day (08:00 to 20:00) and maintained on a com

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Uchida

Takase

Kadowaki

et al. 1979

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Plasma and liver total cholesterol levels were determined by the method reported previously (10), phospholipids by the method of Gomori (11), and triglycerides by the method of Hanahan and Olley (12) or by the acetylacetone method described by Fletcher (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats

et al. 1977

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Abstract-Effect of dietary cholesterol on biliary and fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids was examined in rats. Cholesterol supplemented diet (2%) caused almost no change in plasma lipid levels, but produced an increase of pre F3-lipoprotein and a de crease of a-lipoprotein.Dietary cholesterol increased bile secretion and biliary ex cretion of total bile acids but not of cholesterol. Biliary cholic and deoxycholic acids were not greatly changed but chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly increased. Dietary cholesterol also increased fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids. The excretion of coprostanol was increased about 10-fold and that of cholesterol was over 50-fold. Rat fecal bile acids consisted of lithocholic, deoxycholic, hyodeoxycholic or its 6,3-isomer, a-muricholic, ,3-muricholic and some keto bile acids. Dietary cholesterol increased fecal excretion of mostly the secondary bile acids from chenodeoxycholic acid, and also deoxycholic acid. When a cholesterol supplemented fat-free diet was provided, no increase was found in either plasma or liver lipid levels, or in biliary excretion of bile acids, but a marked increase was produced in fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids. It is concluded that dietary cholesterol increases the formation and excretion of cheno deoxycholic acid, and also that of cholic acid but to a lesser extent. The increase of bile acids, particularly chenodeoxycholic acid, is responsible for the diminution of tissue and blood cholesterol, though only a minor amount of dietary cholesterol is absorbed in rats.Excess feeding of cholesterol causes a marked hypercholesterolemia in the rabbit, chicken or hamster while in the rat the increase is almost nil. The mouse, dog, monkey and man are also reported to be less responsive to dietary cholesterol (1, 2, 3). The reason for the species difference is not clear, but an interesting event related to the difference has been reported. The excess feeding of cholesterol markedly increases the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in rats (4, 5), or in dogs (6), but not in rabbits (7) or in hamsters (8). These response patterns of bile acid metabolism to dietary cholesterol are consistent with changes in blood cholesterol levels in various species. Species of animals which show a good re sponse in bile acid formation show no rise in blood cholesterol level and in cases where the response is poor, hypercholesterolemia results. In addition, Beher et al. (8,9) have shown that cholesterol feeding decreases cholic acid pool but increases chenodeoxycholic acid pool in rats. This qualitative change niay also be related to the poor response in blood

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“…Liver lipids were extracted and purified by the method of Folch et al, 18) and concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipids were measured as previously described. [19][20][21] As shown in Table 1, hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation was markedly alleviated by BBL dosedependently. Hepatic cholesterol and phospholipids concentrations in the liver tended to decrease, but not significantly, by the feeding of BBL diets (Table 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect ofVaccinium ashei readeLeaves on Lipid Metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats

Nagao

Higa

Shirouchi

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The effects of blueberry leaf (BBL) on lipid metabolism were studied in obese rats. Feeding of BBL lowered levels of serum lipids and C-reactive protein and alleviated hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the rats. The hypolipidemic effect might be attributable to a reduction of lipogenesis and enhancement of lipolysis in the liver. These results suggest the use of blueberry leaf as a dietary hypolipidemic component.Key words: Vaccinium ashei reade; blueberry leaf; lipid metabolism; Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty ratLifestyle-related diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, are widespread and increasingly prevalent diseases in industrialized countries, and they contribute to increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 1,2) Accompanied by rapid increases in the numbers of elderly people, this is important not only medically but also socioeconomically. Although the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases is complicated and the precise mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, obesity has emerged as a major cardiovascular risk factor according to epidemiologic studies. [3][4][5] Obesity is defined as an increased mass of adipose tissue, and its prevalence and severity are markedly increasing in westernized countries. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats develop a syndrome with multiple metabolic and hormonal disorders that shares many features with human obesity. 6-9) OLETF rats have hyperphagia because they lack receptors for cholecystokinin, and become obese, developing hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, and type-2 diabetes. In this study, we examined effects of blueberry leaf (BBL) on lipid metabolism in obese OLETF rats.Vaccinium ashei reade (blueberry) belongs to the Ericaceae plant group, and infusions of its leaf are used as a folk medicine treatment for lifestyle-related diseases in Europe. 10,11) Martineau et al. demonstrated anti-diabetic properties of the Canadian lowbush blueberry in vitro. 11) Recently, we reported that blueberry leaf revealed strong inhibitory effects on angiotensinconverting enzyme activity in vitro, and that feeding of blueberry leaf suppressed the development of essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. 12) The effects of blueberry leaf on lipid metabolism, however, have not been fully evaluated.To determine the physiological function of BBL, we evaluated the effect of BBL feeding on hepatic enzyme activities in relation to lipid metabolism in obese OLETF rats.Four-week-old male OLETF rats were provided by the Tokusima Research Institute (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan). The rats were housed individually in metal cages in a temperature-controlled room (24 C) under a 12-h light/dark cycle. After a 1-week adaptation period on a powder chow diet (CE-2, Clea Japan, Tokyo), they were assigned to three groups (six rats each), each fed one of three diets: (i) a semisynthetic diet containing (in weight %) casein, 20; corn oil, 7; cornstarch, 15; vitamin mixture (AIN-76Ô), 1; mineral mixture ...

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A colorimetric method for estimating serum triglycerides

Cited by 1,096 publications

References 6 publications

Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats

Effect ofVaccinium ashei readeLeaves on Lipid Metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats

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