A Collagen Basketweave from the Giant Squid Mantle as a Robust Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The growing applications of tissue engineering technologies warrant the search and development of biocompatible materials with an appropriate strength and elastic moduli. Here, we have extensively studied a collagenous membrane (GSCM) separated from the mantle of the Giant squid Dosidicus Gigas in order to test its potential applicability in regenerative medicine. To establish the composition and structure of the studied material, we analyzed the GSCM by a variety of techniques, including amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and FTIR. It has been shown that collagen is a main component of the GSCM. The morphology study by different microscopic techniques from nano- to microscale revealed a peculiar packing of collagen fibers forming laminae oriented at 60–90 degrees in respect to each other, which, in turn, formed layers with the thickness of several microns (a basketweave motif). The macro- and micromechanical studies showed high values of the Young’s modulus and tensile strength. No significant cytotoxicity of the studied material was found by the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, the GSCM consists of a reinforced collagen network, has high mechanical characteristics, and is non-toxic, which makes it a good candidate for the creation of a scaffold material for tissue engineering.

A Comprehensive Review on Collagen Type I Development of Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: From Biosynthesis to Bioscaffold

“…Generally, the mechanical strength of collagen type I in fish and aquatic sources is lower than in mammalian, avian, and other higher orders of families [ 110 ]. However, there are exceptions in large marine animals, such as the giant squid mantle, which have better collagen mechanical characteristics than those of humans [ 139 ].…”

RETRACTED: Anohova et al. The Dosidicus gigas Collagen for Scaffold Preparation and Cell Cultivation: Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties, Morphology, Composition and Cell Viability. Polymers 2023, 15, 1220

“…Adhering to our complaints procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office that confirmed an overlap of raw data originating from previously published studies [ 2 , 3 ] from different authorship groups, without appropriate citation or permission. As a result, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board have decided to retract this article [ 1 ] as per MDPI’s retraction policy ( ).…”

Decellularized squid mantle scaffolds as tissue‐engineered corneal stroma for promoting corneal regeneration

“…Squid mantles are rich in collagen (up to 29.3%) and mainly consist of type I collagen, and are abundant in essential amino acids 26 . Interestingly, the squid mantle consists of epidermis and endothelium and a muscle layer sandwiched between the two, with a structural composition similar to that of the cornea 27 . Squid is known to possess great application prospects in biomedicine and various tissue engineering fields.…”

“… 26 Interestingly, the squid mantle consists of epidermis and endothelium and a muscle layer sandwiched between the two, with a structural composition similar to that of the cornea. 27 Squid is known to possess great application prospects in biomedicine and various tissue engineering fields. For example, squid chitin pen was used in the development of cartilage tissue engineering, which could promote the regeneration of rabbit cartilage.…”