A collaborative-oriented middleware for structuring information to open government data

Abstract

Even after the consolidation of the Open Government Data (OGD) movement and the existence of successful initiatives all around the globe, the dissemination of report-like documents as a primary way to information disclosure is still a concern. In this context, transparency web sites appear as distributed silos of documents with heterogeneous and often unstructured data, in which the information provided is mainly through HTML and PDF formats. Although they seem to be the preferred formats to disclose data, they lack the machine-readability feature advocated by OGD. This concern is easily addressed with the use of current OGD portals which provide a straightforward manner to fully implement public openness with data; thus, government work processes should be redesigned to consider the OGD principles from data creation. However, some time will lag until cultural transformations make data really open. This paper proposes an architecture composed of a collaborative-oriented middleware for structuring information in the "as is" format while governments are prepared to fully comply with OGD. We describe all the main components through an implementation point of view. With the likely use of this architecture, we provide society with a way to press for opening data before governments do.

Dimensions of Open Government Data Web Portals: A Case of Asian Countries

“…This platform fortified government, institutions and cities to publish their ancient datasets; hence increase the aptitude of citizens to effortlessly find, share and use the composed data by government [15]. In context to describe and to merge the concept of open government data, a working group of thirty people met in California in 2007 to mature what was called the -Eight Principles of Open Government Data‖, which curved to be factors for assessing open government data initiatives [16]. In the light of views presented by previous studies by providing the comprehensive and useful information and guidance, the following principles are highly recommended to provide best practices to avoid the publication of low and poor-quality data and also help in publishing the useful and meaningful data over the globe [17].…”

“…Open Government Working Group in Meeting was agreed on following principles, which was held in California in December 2007. Below is the illustration of principles [16]:…”

“…From the software perspective, the foremost development towards open government data was the development of portals for the open data providence. Researchers have found that they permit data detection through classify the resources, search and ability to exchange and use of information through well-documented www.ijacsa.thesai.org APIs [20]. But these portals have been reported as confronted several challenges regarding the open data usage and these challenges have not been provided in literature (Table III).…”

An ADD-Oriented Software Architecture for Structuring Information to Open Government Data

“…Based on the identified quality requirements, a fourlayered reference architecture was developed from the initial proposal of a collaborative-oriented middleware (Correa et al, 2014;Corrêa et al, 2015) located in the context of the architecture which allows the structuring of information found in distributed repositories and make them available in OGD repository. It is important to emphasize that for the scope of this work the term "structure" means to execute all the activities proposed by the architecture to transform a document into a dataset.…”

“…and Corrêa et al (2015) In the activity "3-Document architecture" there is the presentation of diagrams, drawings, flows and any other visual artifact that collaborates with presentation and understanding of the architecture by the stakeholders (Clements et al, 2010). For the architecture taken into consideration in this study, we reproduce Fig.…”