A Cold Forging Oil Containing Phosphorus Type EP Additives

Ohmori, Takao; Kitamura, Kazuhiro; Danno, Atsushi; Kawamura, Masuhiko

doi:10.1080/10402009108982057

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Table 1 presents an overview of their major content [147,212]. The effects of sulphur and phosphorus based extreme pressure additives were intensively studied in the period 1986-1991 by Komatsuzaki [119,120] et al and Ohmori et al [155,156]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cold Forgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

et al. 2010

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The growing awareness of environmental issues and the requirements to establish solutions diminishing the impact on working environment as well as external environment has initiated ever increasing efforts to develop new, environmentally benign tribological systems for metal forming. The present paper gives an overview of these efforts substituting environmentally hazardous lubricants in cold, warm and hot forging as well as sheet forming and punching/blanking by new, less harmful lubricants and furthermore describes other more generic measures directed towards the same goal such as development of anti-seizure tool materials and coatings and application of structured workpiece and tool surfaces.

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Section: Cold Forgingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

et al. 2010

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“…Phosphorus additives have long been used to improve wear resistance and reduce surface friction on oil-lubricated machine parts (Mortier et al, 2010;Rudnick and Phillips, 2003;Wong and Tung, 2016). Additives such as acidic phosphate esters have been found to exhibit low-friction due to the formation of a boundary layer (Ohmori et al, 1991;Norihisa et al, 2008aNorihisa et al, , 2008b. According to these reports, such boundary layers formed from acidic phosphate esters are thought to consist of an inorganic reaction layer created by reaction with the iron substrate and an organic adsorption layer arising from reaction with the hydrocarbons in the oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive depth analysis of acidic phosphate ester boundary layers by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

TAKECHI-TAKAHASHI

MATSUSHIMA

Isomura

et al. 2022

JAMDSM

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Energy-resolved HAXPES is proposed here as a method to analyze boundary layer formation on rough frictional surfaces, in which the vertical OLAP boundary layer structure containing organic components is nondestructively analyzed. In addition, HAXPES analysis was performed with high incident X-ray energies to obtain information about the entire boundary layer, and to distinguish the organic and inorganic layers for calculating the effective thickness of each. The results revealed that the vertical structure of the OLAP boundary layer consists of a surface layer of organic molecules, including esters and phosphates, and an inorganic iron phosphate layer at the substrate interface, with each component exhibiting a vertical concentration gradient. Furthermore, the effective thickness of the organic layer formed under the present sliding conditions was estimated to be about 50 to 80 nm, which became thicker and exhibited lower friction at increased running-in times, and is greater than the inorganic layer thickness of 10 to 15 nm. It is reasonable to attribute the observed low-friction and velocitydependent properties to the thicker organic layer that preferentially supports the load during friction, demonstrating that this method is useful for determining the effects of boundary layers on tribological properties.

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“…Ceron et al [3] and Sawamura et al [4] have directly measured the coefficient of friction between punch and workpiece during backward can extrusion test with rotating tool. This test has promoted some development of high performance oil [5] and a phosphate-free lubricant [6] for cold forging of steel. Within the present study a backward can extrusion test is used to evaluate lubricant performance measuring the back-stroke force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Frictional Coefficient between Punch and Billet at Back-Stroke in Backward Can Extrusion Test of Steel

Asai¹,

Kitamura

Goto

et al. 2018

KEM

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A backward can extrusion test provides severe tribological conditions because high pressure, high temperature, and large surface expansion ratio affect the lubricant. During the forward stroke these conditions intensify with increasing cup depth of the extruded workpiece; additionally, the back-stroke force during retraction of the punch rises to a significant level under a poor-lubricated condition. This study estimates the coefficient of friction μp between punch and workpiece during the back-stroke by combining experiments using conventional soap-phosphate coated steel and numerical analysis by FEM. The values of μp were estimated to be 0.09 and 0.03 in case of small and large workpiece depth, respectively. Friction decreased with elevating temperature.

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A Cold Forging Oil Containing Phosphorus Type EP Additives

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

Non-destructive depth analysis of acidic phosphate ester boundary layers by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Estimation of Frictional Coefficient between Punch and Billet at Back-Stroke in Backward Can Extrusion Test of Steel

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