A Cohort Study of Incident Myopia in Singaporean Children

Saw, Seang‐Mei; Shankar, Anoop; Tan, Shan; Taylor, Hugh R.; Tan, Donald; Stone, Richard A.; Wong, Theodoric

doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1081

Cited by 167 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Following this review, a number of manuscripts were excluded due to information, including outcome, the exposure of interest or essential data, being omitted. A total of 16 studies were eligible for final inclusion (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Of these, six were prospective cohort (12,13,15,17,31,32), eight were cross-sectional (14,16,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)35) and two were case-control studies (33,34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present meta-analysis included 16 studies with 8,393 cases of myopia. The selected studies were from four continents (seven from Asia (14,16,26,28,32,34,35), four from Europe (17,29,31,33), three from the United States (12,13,30) and two from Australia (15,27). All of the studies recruited male and female participants aged ≤31 years.…”

Section: Final Study Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies used questionnaires to ascertain the parents' history of myopia and to assess whether parents wore spectacles or contact lenses at the time of the study. Seven of the studies identified the participants' myopia as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤-0.5 diopters (D) (14)(15)(16)27,28,33,35) and two studies identified the participants' myopia as a SER ≤-0.75 D (26,32). Three of the studies reported the participants' myopia as a SER ≤-0.75 D in the horizontal and vertical meridians following cycloplegic autorefraction (12,13,30).…”

Section: Final Study Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between parental myopia and the risk of myopia in a child

Zhang

Zhou

2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The association between parental myopia and a child's risk of developing the condition is not well understood. Therefore, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of the results of observational studies in order to investigate the association between myopia in parents and their child's risk of developing the condition. The current study systematically examined the databases MEDLINE, Embase and Ovid for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently evaluated the data and extracted the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the suitable studies. Heterogeneity, publication bias and subgroup analyses were performed. The present meta-analysis included 31,677 participants from 16 studies with 8,393 cases of myopia (six prospective cohort, eight cross-sectional and two case-control studies). The OR of giving birth to a child with myopia, according to the prospective cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.21-1.85), 1.96 (95% CI, 1.53-2.39), and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.79-2.46), respectively, when one parent had myopia, and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.42-2.77), 2.96 (95% CI, 2.21-3.71), and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.79-2.46), respectively, when two parents had myopia. The current study identified a significant positive association between parental myopia and a child's risk of developing myopia. Children of two parents with myopia had a higher risk of developing myopia compared to those with one myopic parent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Study Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Study Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between parental myopia and the risk of myopia in a child

Zhang

Zhou

2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Moreover, no PPA segmentation was done. The Test Images were taken from Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM) [75].The same authors [77] proposed a fusion of two decision methods. Gray Level Covariance Matrix (GLCM) based texture analysis was used to generate a degree of roughness which is then compared for the temporal side and nasal side.…”

Section: Ppa Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic extraction of retinal features from colour retinal images for glaucoma diagnosis: A review

Haleem

Han

Hemert³

et al. 2013

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics

154

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“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]30 Nevertheless, corneal and lens curvatures, refractive indices and retinal contour were also substantial contributors to the myopic refractive error and of importance to a comprehensive understanding of the aetiology of refractive error. 24,[26][27][28][29][30] Previous research has revealed that myopic progression is probably associated with several factors like environment, studies, lifestyle, genetics, near work [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] as well as with the optical defocus theory. It is now widely acknowledged that the defocus in the periphery of myopic eyes may stand a stimulus for the axial growth of the eye [17][18][19][20][21] but none has looked into the type of myopia, whether refractive or axial, at the start/detection stage and its capability to provoke eye growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Peripheral Refraction and Aberration Profiles Vary with the Type of Myopia? - An Illustration Using a Ray-Tracing Approach

Bakaraju

Ehrmann

Papas

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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Myopia is considered to be the most common refractive error occurring in children and young adults, around the world. Motivated to elucidate how the process of emmetropization is disrupted, potentially causing myopia and its progression, researchers have shown great interest in peripheral refraction. This study assessed the effect of the myopia type, either refractive or axial, on peripheral refraction and aberration profiles. METHODS: Using customized schematic eye models for myopia in a ray tracing algorithm, peripheral aberrations, including the refractive error, were calculated as a function of myopia type. RESULTS: In all the selected models, hyperopic shifts in the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) component were found whose magnitude seemed to be largely dependent on the field angle. The MSE profiles showed larger hyperopic shifts for the axial type of myopic models than the refractive ones and were evident in -4 and -6 D prescriptions. Additionally, greater levels of astigmatic component (J180) were also seen in axial-length-dependent models, while refractive models showed higher levels of spherical aberration and coma. RESUMENSe considera que la miopía es el error refractivo más frecuente a nivel mundial en niños y en adultos jóvenes. Con el objetivo de esclarecer de qué modo se ve perturbado el proceso de emetropización, potencialmente dando lugar a la aparición de miopía y a su progresión, los investigadores se han mostrado muy interesados en estudiar la refracción periférica. Este estudio evalúa en qué medida la refracción periférica y los perfiles de aberración dependen del tipo de miopía predominante, ya sea refractiva o axial. MÉTODOS:Partiendo de modelos de ojo esquemáticos adaptados al caso de la miopía y utilizando un algoritmo de trazado de rayos, se calcularon las aberraciones periféricas, incluyendo el error refractivo, en función del tipo de miopía. RESULTADOS: En todos los modelos estudiados, se observó un cambio o desplazamiento hipermetrópico en el equivalente esférico medio (EEM), cuyo valor parecía depender mayormente del ángulo analizado (excentricidad). En los perfiles de EEM se aprecia que dicho desplazamiento hipermetrópico es mayor para los modelos de miopía de tipo axial que para los de tipo refractivo, diferencia que se hace evidente en los casos correspondientes a -4 D y a -6 D. Además, se observó que el coeficiente asociado al término de astigmatismo (J180) presentaba un valor más alto en los modelos con un mayor peso de la miopía axial, mientras que en los modelos predominantemente refractivos se obtuvieron mayores niveles de aberración esférica y de coma. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio ha concluido que aquellos ojos miopes donde prima la componente axial pueden presentar un mayor riesgo de progresión que ojos miopes que tengan errores refractivos similares pero donde prime la componente refractiva. Esta predicción surge de los resultados teóricos obtenidos en modelos de ojos utilizando un algoritmo de trazado de rayos, por lo que necesitan ser confirmados experimentalment...

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A Cohort Study of Incident Myopia in Singaporean Children

Abstract: These data provide new prospective evidence of essential links between parental myopia, IQ scores and subsequent myopia development. However, reading in books per week was not associated with incident myopia.

Cited by 167 publications

References 18 publications

Association between parental myopia and the risk of myopia in a child

Association between parental myopia and the risk of myopia in a child

Automatic extraction of retinal features from colour retinal images for glaucoma diagnosis: A review

Do Peripheral Refraction and Aberration Profiles Vary with the Type of Myopia? - An Illustration Using a Ray-Tracing Approach

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