A cognitive stress test for prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Multiethnic generalizability

Curiel, Rosie E.; Loewenstein, David; Rosselli, Mónica; Matías‐Guiu, Jordi A.; Piña, Daema; Adjouadi, Malek; Cabrerizo, Mercedes; Bauer, Russell M.; Chan, Aldrich; DeKosky, Steven T.; Golde, Todd E.; Greig‐Custo, Maria T.; Lizarraga, Gabriel; Peñate, Ailyn; Duara, Ranjan

doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.003

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…This is not surprising in that our previous work shows that both types of PreMCI have similar patterns and rates of progression to a formal diagnosis of MCI [19]. In additional post hoc analyses, we found no evidence in this study that Hispanic ethnicity, age, or sex influenced the obtained results, consistent with our recent findings [29] and demonstrating that the LASSI-L is equally effective diagnostically among Hispanics and non-Hispanics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States

Crocco

Curiel

Kitaigorodsky

et al. 2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Introduction: Among persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), intrusion errors on subscales that measure proactive semantic interference (PSI) may be among the earliest behavioral markers of elevated Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology. While there has been considerable cross-sectional work in the area, it is presently unknown whether semantic intrusion errors are predictive of progression of cognitive impairment in aMCI or PreMCI (not cognitively normal but not meeting full criteria for MCI). Methods: This study examined the extent to which the percentage of semantic intrusion errors (PIE) based on total responses on a novel cognitive stress test, the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), could predict clinical/cognitive outcomes over an average 26-month period in older adults initially diagnosed with aMCI, PreMCI, and normal cognition. Results: On the LASSI-L subscale sensitive to PSI, a PIE cut point of 44% intrusion errors distinguished between those at-risk individuals with PreMCI who progressed to MCI over time compared to individuals with PreMCI who reverted to normal on longitudinal follow-up. Importantly, PIE was able to accurately predict 83.3% of aMCI individuals who later progressed to dementia. Discussion: These preliminary findings indicate that PIE on LASSI-L subscales that measure PSI may be a useful predictor of clinical progression overtime in at-risk older adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Participants are tested in their preferred language (English vs. Spanish). The LASSI-L has been shown to be culturally fair in either language [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States

Crocco

Curiel

Kitaigorodsky

et al. 2021

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…This cognitive stress test represents a novel paradigm that employs controlled learning and cued recall to maximize storage of a list of to‐be‐remembered target words representing three semantic categories 17 . Participants were tested in their preferred language (English vs Spanish) and the LASSI‐L has been shown previously to be culturally fair and valid in either language 30,50 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,31 The failure to recover from PSI in particular has been strongly associated with volumetric reductions in areas prone to AD neurodegeneration (hippocampus, precuneus, inferior temporal lobules, superior parietal areas, and temporal pole), among persons with amnestic MCI (aMCI), whereas traditional neuropsychological tests have shown no or only weak associations. [35][36][37] Recently, it was found that intrusion errors produced on the LASSI-L scales tapping into PSI and frPSI were able to successfully differentiate individuals with aMCI who were amyloid positive (presumably prodromal AD) from other aMCI groups who were amyloid negative 35 ; however, the limitation of this previous work was that amyloid-negative MCI individuals were not classified according to the underlying etiology (neurological vs non-neurological impairment) and no cognitively normal group was included for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults

Kitaigorodsky

Crocco

Curiel-Cid

et al. 2021

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

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Introduction: There is increasing evidence that susceptibility to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and the failure to recover from PSI (frPSI) as evidenced by intrusion errors may be early cognitive markers of both preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: One hundred forty‐five participants were administered extensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations including the Loewenstein‐Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI‐L), a sensitive cognitive stress test measuring PSI and frPSI. Participants also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Results: PSI and frPSI errors were much more prevalent in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐AD (amyloid positive) group than the other diagnostic groups. The number of intrusion errors observed across the other MCI groups without amyloid pathology and those with normal cognition were comparable. Discussion: Semantic intrusion errors on the LASSI‐L occur much less frequently in persons who have different types of non–AD‐related MCI and may be used as an early cognitive marker of prodromal AD.

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“…However, culture/language significantly predicted digit span scores even after controlling for age, education, fluid memory score, and language syllable-length differences indicating that chunking is less impacted by cultural bias [ 116 ]. Furthermore, some commonly used AD assessments are even less susceptible to cultural bias, like the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) [ 117 ]. While culture/language differences do not always impact the metrics used to assess functional decline associated with AD, but that is not to say that differences due to language are negligible.…”

Section: Alzheimer’s Disease and Cultural Group Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture, Ethnicity, and Level of Education in Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, where the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau lead to neurodegeneration as well as loss of cognitive, behavioral, and functional abilities. The present review analyzes AD from a cross-cultural neuropsychological perspective, looking at differences in culture-associated variables, neuropsychological test performance and biomarkers across ethnic and racial groups. Studies have found significant effects of culture, preferred language, country of origin, race, and ethnicity on cognitive test performance, although the definition of those grouping terms varies across studies. Together, with the substantial underrepresentation of minority groups in research, the inconsistent classification might conduce to an inaccuratte diagnosis that often results from biases in testing procedures that favor the group to which test developers belong. These biases persist even after adjusting for variables related to disadvantageous societal conditions, such as low level of education, unfavorable socioeconomic status, health care access, or psychological stressors. All too frequently, educational level is confounded with culture. Minorities often have lower educational attainment and lower quality of education, causing differences in test results that are then attributed to culture. Higher levels of education are also associated with increased cognitive reserve, a protective factor against cognitive decline in the presence of neurodegeneration. Biomarker research suggests there might be significant differences in specific biomarker profiles for each ethnicity/race in need of accurate cultural definitions to adequately predict risk and disease progression across ethnic/racial groups. Overall, this review highlights the need for diversity in all domains of AD research that lack inclusion and the collection of relevant information from these groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-022-01193-z.

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A cognitive stress test for prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Multiethnic generalizability

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States

Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States

The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults

Culture, Ethnicity, and Level of Education in Alzheimer's Disease

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