A CMOS Cellular Interface Array for Digital Physiology Featuring High-Density Multi-Modal Pixels and Reconfigurable Sampling Rate

34‐4: A 270fps Large‐Area Organic Optical Biosensor Array for Digital Physiology and Vein Biometrics

“…Biosensors implemented in silicon have decent performance, but they are not flexible and have a prohibitively high cost if a large sensing area is required. 4 On the other hand, biosensors implemented in non-silicon technologies such as TFT can have large sensing area economically but do not have high FPS because works before are not optimized for that requirement. 5 To address these challenges, we developed a flexible and high-speed organic optical biosensor array using TFT technology on polyimide substrate and a silicon CMOS IC to read out and process the signals fast.…”

A Multimodal and Multifunctional CMOS Cellular Interfacing Array for Digital Physiology and Pathology Featuring an Ultra Dense Pixel Array and Reconfigurable Sampling Rate

“…The monitoring of various parameters such as cellular potential, impedance, and optical responses in real time was achieved in each individually configured and controlled pixel, enabling a sensor array to monitor multiple cellular physiological properties at the single pixel level, radically extending our abilities to study digital physiology and pathology of cells and tissues. However, despite various previously reported multimodal CMOS biosensor arrays [8,9,14,16,17,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and considering their higher complexity compared to single-modal biosensors, there is still a great need to significantly advance multimodal CMOS biosensors arrays with higher pixel density, higher sampling rate, improved area efficiency, higher yield during post-CMOS processing, optimized electrodes for biological interfacing, and new reconfigurable sensing/actuation modalities. These desired features will enable next-generation digital physiology/pathology cellular characterization platforms to extract a vast assortment of different physiological information from various cells under various settings, including those with fast physiological characteristics, such as neuron/cardiac cells.…”

“…To address these challenges, this paper presents an extension of our CMOS cellular sensing and actuating array [45], conceptually shown in Fig. 1, with 21,952 individually addressable multimodal pixels with a 13-µm center-to-center pixel pitch fully integrated into a 2.91 mm × 1.28 mm active sensing area, achieving both single-cell resolution and tissuelevel field-of-view (FoV).…”