A cluster of Escherichia coli O157: nonmotile infections associated with recreational exposure to lake water

Feldman, Katherine A.; Mohle-Boetani, Janet C.; Ward, Judy; Furst, Karen; Abbott, Sharon L.; Ferrero, D; Olsen, Alfred; Werner, S. Benson

doi:10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50175-9

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, these deer potentially could contaminate recreational or drinking waters. Indeed, wild deer have been implicated as the source of fecal contamination in human infections of Escherichia coli O157 associated with the consumption of venison (Keene et al, 1997;Rabatsky-Ehr et al, 2002) and were identified as one of the potential sources of fecal contamination in outbreaks of E. coli O157 associated with unpasteurized apple juice (Cody et al, 1999) and contaminated lake water (Feldman et al, 2002). In agricultural areas, deer feces could contaminate produce or livestock feed crops, and wild deer may have direct or indirect contact with food-producing livestock, particularly pastured livestock, resulting in bidirectional transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Serovars of Salmonella in the Feces of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nebraska

Renter

Gnad

Sargeant

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:To determine the prevalence and serovars of Salmonella in free-ranging deer, we cultured feces from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvested by hunters during a regular firearm season in southeastern Nebraska (USA). We recovered Salmonella from 5 (1%; 95% confidence interval: 0.37-2.20%) of 500 samples and identified four different Salmonella enterica serovars [Litchfield (1), Dessau (1), Infantis (2), and Enteritidis (1)]. Although the prevalence of Salmonella in free-ranging deer appears to be low, the serovars recovered are known to be pathogenic to humans and animals.

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Serovars of Salmonella in the Feces of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nebraska

Renter

Gnad

Sargeant

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Although most of the known outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7-associated disease in humans are food borne or waterborne, several recent studies indicate that a significant number of human infections are acquired from direct contact with cattle, the environment, or unknown sources (1,12,30,34). An accepted premise is that the reduction of the number of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 or the elimination of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle will effect a reduction in the rate of disease in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rectoanal Mucosal Swab Culture Is More Sensitive Than Fecal Culture and Distinguishes Escherichia coli O157:H7-Colonized Cattle and Those Transiently Shedding the Same Organism

et al. 2003

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Enrichment and direct (nonenrichment) rectoanal mucosal swab (RAMS) culture techniques were developed and compared to traditional fecal culture for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected and naturally infected cattle. Holstein steers (n ‫؍‬ 16) orally dosed with E. coli O157:H7 were sampled after bacterial colonization starting 15 days postinoculation. Enrichment RAMS cultures (70.31% positive) were more sensitive than enrichment fecal cultures with 10 g of feces (46.88% positive) at detecting E. coli O157:H7 (P < 0.01). Holstein bull calves (n ‫؍‬ 15) were experimentally exposed to E. coli O157:H7 by penning them with E. coli O157:H7-positive calves. Prior to bacterial colonization (1 to 14 days postexposure), enriched fecal cultures were more sensitive at detecting E. coli O157:H7 than enriched RAMS cultures (P < 0.01). However, after colonization (40 or more days postexposure), the opposite was true and RAMS culture was more sensitive than fecal culture (P < 0.05). Among naturally infected heifers, enriched RAMS or fecal cultures were equally sensitive (P ‫؍‬ 0.5), but direct RAMS cultures were more sensitive than either direct or enriched fecal cultures at detecting E. coli O157:H7 (P < 0.01), with 25 of 144, 4 of 144, and 10 of 108 samples, respectively, being culture positive. For both experimentally and naturally infected cattle, RAMS culture predicted the duration of infection. Cattle transiently shedding E. coli O157:H7 for <1 week were positive by fecal culture only and not by RAMS culture, whereas colonized animals (which were culture positive for an average of 26 days) were positive early on by RAMS culture. RAMS culture more directly measured the relationship between cattle and E. coli O157:H7 infection than fecal culture.Since Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first identified as a human pathogen (27,33), investigations have demonstrated that human disease outbreaks are often linked to a bovine food source or bovine waste-contaminated water (2,7,30,39). Although most of the known outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7-associated disease in humans are food borne or waterborne, several recent studies indicate that a significant number of human infections are acquired from direct contact with cattle, the environment, or unknown sources (1,12,30,34). An accepted premise is that the reduction of the number of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 or the elimination of E. coli O157:H7 from cattle will effect a reduction in the rate of disease in humans. To this end, a great deal of research has focused on describing the ecology and epidemiology of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle, with the hope of identifying interventions to reduce its prevalence in cattle (11,16,17,19,20,23,24,28,29). Within this body of research, numerous methods for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in bovine fecal samples have been developed and used (8,9,22,36,37,40). The reported sensitivities of detection by these various methods vary greatly, and problems occur when data from studies that have used methods with disparate sensitiv...

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“…Contamination of drinking or recreational waters with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) has resulted in an increase in the number of outbreaks and deaths from hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans (11,28). Found in the gastrointestinal tract of cows, EHEC, which can carry stxI, stxII, and eaeA virulence genes, is transmitted by food or water supplies polluted with cow fecal waste.…”

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Occurrence of Genes Associated with Enterotoxigenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Agricultural Waste Lagoons

Chern

Tsai

Olson

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The prevalence among all Escherichia coli bacteria of the LTIIa toxin gene and STII toxin gene, both associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli, and of three genes (stxI, stxII, and eaeA) associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli was determined in farm waste disposal systems seasonally for 1 year. Single-and nested-PCR results for the number of E. coli isolates carrying each toxin gene trait were compared with a five-replicate most-probable-number (MPN) method. The STII and LTIIa toxin genes were present continuously at all farms and downstream waters that were tested. Nested-MPN-PCR manifested sensitivity increased over that of single-MPN-PCR by a factor of 32 for LTIIa, 10 for STII, and 2 for the stxI, stxII, and eaeA genes. The geometric mean prevalence of each toxin gene within the E. coli community in waste disposal site waters after nested MPN-PCR was 1:8.5 E. coli isolates (1:8.5 E. coli) for the LTIIa toxin gene and 1:4 E. coli for the STII toxin gene. The geometric mean prevalence for the simultaneous occurrence of toxin genes stxI, stxII, and eaeA, was 1:182 E. coli. These findings based on total population analysis suggest that prevalence rates for these genes are higher than previously reported in studies based on surveys of single isolates. With a population-based approach, the frequency of each toxin gene at the corresponding disposal sites and the endemic nature of diseases on farms can be easily assessed, allowing farmers and public health officials to evaluate the risk of infection to animals or humans.

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A cluster of Escherichia coli O157: nonmotile infections associated with recreational exposure to lake water

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Serovars of Salmonella in the Feces of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nebraska

Prevalence and Serovars of Salmonella in the Feces of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Nebraska

Rectoanal Mucosal Swab Culture Is More Sensitive Than Fecal Culture and Distinguishes Escherichia coli O157:H7-Colonized Cattle and Those Transiently Shedding the Same Organism

Occurrence of Genes Associated with Enterotoxigenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Agricultural Waste Lagoons

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