A cluster-based proxy mobile IPv6 for IP-WSNs

Abstract

The Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (SPMIPv6) has been designed for IP-based wireless sensor networks mobility to potentially save energy consumption by relieving the sensor nodes from participating in the handoff process. However, SPMIPv6 is dependent on a single and central Local Mobility Anchor (LMA), and thus, it inherited most of the problems observed in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol, including long handoff latency, non-optimized communication path, and bottleneck issues. In addition, SPMIPv6 extends the single point of failure to include both the authentication and network information. This study presents an enhanced architecture for SPMIPv6 called Clustered SPMIPv6 (CSPMIPv6) to overcome the problems above. In the proposed architecture, the Mobility Access Gateways (MAGs) are grouped into clusters, each with a distinguished cluster Head MAG (HMAG). The HMAG is mainly designed to reduce the load on LMA by performing intra-cluster handoff signaling and providing an optimized path for data communications. The proposed architecture is evaluated analytically, and the numerical results show that the proposed CSPMIPv6 outperforms both SPMIPv6 and PMIPv6 protocols in terms of LMA load, local handoff delay, and transmission cost performance metrics.

Mobility management for IoT: a survey

“…The MAG registers the MN with LMA after initiating the required signals to authenticate MN with authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server. However, the PMIPv6 has similar limitations to the MIPv6 such as handover latency, signaling overhead, and packet loss during HO [24]. Although, several existing studies have tried to enhance the PMIPv6 in terms of handover latency, signaling overhead, and preventing packet loss, there still remains room for improvement.…”

“…On the other hand, some approaches like sensor proxy MIPv6 (SPMIPv6) [26][27][28], cluster-based PMIPv6 for wireless mesh networks [29], and a cluster-based proxy mobile IPv6 (CSPMIPv6) [24] employed clustering techniques to reduce the handover latency. The architectures of SPMIPv6 and cluster-based PMIPv6 for wireless mesh networks suffers from problems existing in PMIPv6 due to the centralizing the entire action via central and single LMA.…”

“…Methods and approaches for integrating the IP with WSNs are discussed to make the interconnection between the WSNs and other IP networks feasible. Benefits from the existing infrastructure and IP-application for cohesive connectivity with sensor networks are also covered [24]. Mainly, there are two main approaches used to connect WSN with IP networks, namely, sensor node stack-based and proxybased [40].…”

“…This solution is slightly improved regarding packet transmission cost and signaling cost when compared with MIPv6 and PMIPv6. Despite the benefits offered, the SPMIPv6 still suffers from limitation such as long handoff latency, LMA overhead, router optimization, and central point failure as a result of relying on single and center LMA [24].…”

Advanced Prediction Based Mobility Support for 6LoWPAN Wireless Sensor Networks

“…These protocols suffer heavy signaling cost due to exchange of BU and BA messages. Also these schemes were designed for wired networks due to which they cannot work efficiently in WSN [16]. Network-based mobility scheme such as PMIPv6 [5] is the only standardized scheme in the network-based category by internet engineering task force (IETF).…”