A cloth-based electrochemiluminescence sensor for determination of salbutamol residues in pork samples

Simple, sensitive, and cost-effective voltammetric determination of salbutamol at a pencil graphite electrode modified with Nafion and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…Considering the E a( V) vs. pH plots (E a (V) = -0.052×pH + 1.009 and R 2 = 0.9975) obtained from the recorded CVs, the slope (0.052 V/pH) was found to be near the Nernstian value (~ 0.059), which indicates that the stoichiometric ratio between the proton (H + ) and electron (e − ) numbers involved in the electrocatalytic oxidation of SBT is equal (Fig. 2C) [4,35,36].…”

“…Among these, one of the most widely used β2 adrenergic agonists in the treatment of bronchial asthma is salbutamol (SBT, 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl) phenylethanol), also known as albuterol [3]. SBT has been illegally used as a lean meat extract (or growth promoter) to improve muscle weakness and growth rate, decrease fat content, and enhance the conversion e ciency of feed in animals [4,5]. Therefore, such use of SBT leads to its accumulation in animal tissues and transmission to humans through the consumption of meat products contaminated with SBT.…”

“…Excessive accumulation of SBT in humans can cause acute toxic responses in humans, such as heart palpitations, low blood potassium, and high blood sugar levels [6]. On the other hand, SBT has potential pharmacological activity as a phenylethanolamine or β-agonist, and it is generally used in the treatment of exercise-induced and allergic asthma as well as a chronic obstructive type of pulmonary disorder [4].…”

“…Several studies have been carried out for the electrochemical determination of SBT based on the use of different electrodes and modi cation materials. [4,6,10,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In these studies, various composite nanomaterial-modi ed carbon-based electrode platforms, such as GCE, carbon paste electrode (CPE), and screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), have been successfully utilized for the electrochemical determination of SBT.…”

Rapid and sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection using easily fabricated sensor with an integrated two-electrode system

“…[20][21][22] Satienperakul's group developed a simple 3D-printed platform with a three-electrode system, which was used to detect sibutramine in dietary supplements, demonstrating the broad potential for microelectrode systems in ECL-based biosensor applications. 23 Although current microchips utilize a three-electrode system to achieve ECL reaction, three-electrode system increases the complexity of multi-detection applications on a single microchip.…”