A Closer Look at Indirect Causes of Death After Hurricane Maria Using a Semiparametric Model

Abstract

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as well as other recent natural emergencies have put the spotlight on emergency planning. One important aspect is that natural disasters or emergencies often lead to indirect deaths, and studying the behavior of indirect deaths during emergencies can guide emergency planning. While many studies have suggested many indirect deaths in Puerto Rico due to Hurricane Maria; the specific causes of these deaths have not been carefully studied. Methods: In this study, we use a semiparametric model and mortality data to evaluate cause of death trends. Our model adjusts for cause of death effect potentially varying over time while also inferring on how long excess deaths occurred. Results: From September 2017 to March 2018, after adjusting for intra-annual variability and population displacement, we find evidence of significant excess deaths due to Alzheimer’s/Parkinson, heart disease, sepsis, diabetes, renal failure, and pneumonia and influenza. Conclusions: In contrast, for the same time period we find no evidence of significant excess deaths due to cancer, hypertension, respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular disease, suicide, homicide, falling accidents, and traffic accidents.

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“…Puerto Rico has been going through an economic recession since 2006. Leaders on the island have been attempting to find ways to boost the economy (Rivera, 2016), and data-driven methods may help improve investment opportunities (Lugo & Rivera, 2023;Rivera, 2020;Rivera & Rolke, 2019;Rosenbaum et al, 2021). Since 2013, the government has been forced to reform its deficient public employee pensions.…”