A closed-chamber method to measure greenhouse gas fluxes from dry aquatic sediments

Lesmeister, Lukas; Koschorreck, Matthias

doi:10.5194/amt-10-2377-2017

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When intrusion of the chamber to the ground was prevented (e.g. by a stony surface), the chamber was sealed to the ground using clay 50 . Chamber placement was restricted to plots with bare ground and sampling of vegetated surface was avoided.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

et al. 2020

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Many inland waters exhibit complete or partial desiccation, or have vanished due to global change, exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Yet, data on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from these sediments are too scarce to upscale emissions for global estimates or to understand their fundamental drivers. Here, we present the results of a global survey covering 196 dry inland waters across diverse ecosystem types and climate zones. We show that their CO 2 emissions share fundamental drivers and constitute a substantial fraction of the carbon cycled by inland waters. CO 2 emissions were consistent across ecosystem types and climate zones, with local characteristics explaining much of the variability. Accounting for such emissions increases global estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters by 6% (~0.12 Pg C y −1). Our results indicate that emissions from dry inland waters represent a significant and likely increasing component of the inland waters carbon cycle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

et al. 2020

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“…The concentration of CO 2 in the chamber was continuously monitored by a portable GHG analyser (microportable GHG analyser, LosGatos Research, USA). Previous tests had shown that our system gave reliable flux data without using preinstalled collars (Lesmeister & Koschorreck, 2017) and that the pump of the gas analyser created enough air mixing in the chamber that we could do without a fan (Koschorreck, unpublished).…”

Section: Co 2 Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This intermediate scale heterogeneity prevents the use of spatially integrating methods such as eddy covariance to measure CO 2 emissions as the method requires a larger homogenous footprint area (Aubinet, Vesala, & Papale, 2012). The only available method to measure CO 2 emissions in these heterogeneous areas is discrete point measurements using closed chambers (e.g., Bolpagni et al, 2017;Lesmeister & Koschorreck, 2017). Chamber-based CO 2 measurements proved to vary between land cover and are affected by sediment texture, sediment organic matter, sediment moisture, sediment temperature and chlorophyll a (Gallo et al, 2014;Gómez-Gener et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial upscaling of CO₂ emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought

2020

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Droughts lead to falling river water levels and consequently expose river sediments. It is well known that from these exposed aquatic sediments, CO2 emits to the atmosphere, but upscaling of CO2 measurements from discrete point measurements to an entire river system remains challenging. Naturally occurring heterogeneous processes must be accounted for to obtain an overall CO2 flux and to assess its significance. We contribute to this challenge by incorporating a two stage scaling approach using in situ CO2 fluxes and remote sensing data. First, by combining optical airborne data with closed chamber measurements at a representative model site during a first scaling stage, we derive land cover type specific CO2 fluxes and identify distance to the water as the most suitable proxy for further upscaling. Second, we upscale derived spatial relations from the first scaling stage to the entire river system of the Elbe River using a satellite‐based analysis. In this way, we derived area‐weighted CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of 56.6 ± 64.8 tC day−1 (corrected distance proxy) and 52.9 ± 44.6 tC day−1 (land cover proxy), respectively, for 1 day during the 2018 extreme drought. Given the intensification of droughts in terms of length and reoccurrence frequency, this result not only highlights the importance of drought‐induced exposition of river sediment as a source of atmospheric CO2 but also underscores the ability to monitor CO2 emissions over an entire river system on a regular basis using remote sensing.

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“…The chambers were opaque to minimize temperature change. We used clay around the exterior of the chambers to avoid gas leakage (Lesmeister and Koschorreck 2017). Soil temperature and conductivity were determined using a conductivity meter (Akrom KR31).…”

Section: Co 2 Flux From Drawdown Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide emission from drawdown areas of a Brazilian reservoir is linked to surrounding land cover

et al. 2019

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Reservoir sediments exposed to air due to water level fluctuations are strong sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2). The spatial variability of CO 2 fluxes from these drawdown areas are still poorly understood. In a reservoir in southeastern Brazil, we investigated whether CO 2 emissions from drawdown areas vary as a function of neighboring land cover types and assessed the magnitude of CO 2 fluxes from drawdown areas in relation to nearby water surface. Exposed sediments near forestland (average = 2733 mg C m −2 day −1) emitted more CO 2 than exposed sediments near grassland (average = 1261 mg C m −2 day −1), congruent with a difference in organic matter content between areas adjacent to forestland (average = 12.2%) and grassland (average = 10.9%). Moisture also had a significant effect on CO 2 emission, with dry exposed sediments (average water content: 13.7%) emitting on average 2.5 times more CO 2 than wet exposed sediments (average water content: 23.5%). We carried out a systematic comparison with data from the literature, which indicates that CO 2 efflux from drawdown areas globally is about an order of magnitude higher than CO 2 efflux from adjacent water surfaces, and within the range of CO 2 efflux from terrestrial soils. Our findings suggest that emissions from exposed sediments may vary substantially in space, possibly related to organic matter supply from uphill vegetation, and that drawdown areas play a disproportionately important role in total reservoir CO 2 emissions with respect to the area they cover.

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A closed-chamber method to measure greenhouse gas fluxes from dry aquatic sediments

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Spatial upscaling of CO₂ emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought

Carbon dioxide emission from drawdown areas of a Brazilian reservoir is linked to surrounding land cover

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A closed-chamber method to measure greenhouse gas fluxes from dry aquatic sediments

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Spatial upscaling of CO2 emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought

Carbon dioxide emission from drawdown areas of a Brazilian reservoir is linked to surrounding land cover

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Spatial upscaling of CO₂ emissions from exposed river sediments of the Elbe River during an extreme drought