A Clinicopathologic Study of Enterocyte Adherent Escherichia coli: A Cause of Protracted Diarrhea in Infants

Rothbaum, Robert; McAdams, A. James; Giannella, Ralph A.; Partin, John C.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(82)80342-9

Cited by 342 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In 1982, Rothbaum and colleagues 27 described the presence of ''enterocyteadherent E coli'' in biopsies of the jejunum, rectum, or both in human infants with protracted diarrhea. The ultrastructural appearance of the association between bacteria and enterocyte was that of the A/E lesion, and the causative organisms were E coli O119:B14, a classic EPEC serotype.…”

Section: The Attaching-effacing Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrastructural appearance of the association between bacteria and enterocyte was that of the A/E lesion, and the causative organisms were E coli O119:B14, a classic EPEC serotype. 27 In 1983, Moon and colleagues 8 coined the term ''attaching and effacing'' for the lesion characterized by intimate bacterial attachment and effacement of microvilli, as originally described by Staley and colleagues 23 and later reported to occur in rabbits and humans. 26,27 These investigators also coined the term ''attaching-effacing E coli (AEEC)'' for those E coli organisms that cause A/E lesions.…”

Section: The Attaching-effacing Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attaching-effacing Escherichia coli Infections in Cattle

Moxley

Smith

2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are now broadly placed into 6 classes based on virulence mechanisms. One of these classes, enterotoxigenic E coli, is the most common cause of diarrhea in beef and dairy calves in the first 4 days of life. Two other diarrheagenic classes, enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC), are important causes of disease in human beings, but less well substantiated causes of diarrhea in calves. E coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, express high levels of Shiga toxin, cause attaching-effacing (A/E) lesions in intestinal epithelial cells, and possess a specific 60-MDa EHEC plasmid are known as EHEC. One feature EHEC and EPEC have in common is the causation of intestinal epithelial lesions known as attaching and effacing (A/E). Attaching-effacing E coli (AEEC) is a designation for those E coli strains known to cause A/E lesions or at least carry the genes for this trait, and therefore include organisms that fall into either the EHEC or EPEC classes. Because cattle are carriers of many different serotypes of EHEC, much emphasis has been placed on the public health and food safety concerns associated with the fecal shedding of these organisms. However, much less emphasis has been given to their roles as diarrheagenic pathogens of cattle. The goal of this article is to address the question of pathogenicity, with a review that focuses on the results of studies of natural and experimental infections with these organisms. The authors conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that many different serogroups of AEEC are diarrheagenic pathogens of calves.

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Section: The Attaching-effacing Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Attaching-effacing Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attaching-effacing Escherichia coli Infections in Cattle

Moxley

Smith

2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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“…Vero toxins are encoded by temperate bacteriophages and are potent ribosomal inhibitors, targeting blood vessels and other tissues, depending upon the distribution of toxin receptors in the host species (O'Loughlin and Robins-Browne, 2001;Paton and Paton, 1998). EPEC strains produce AE lesions in the small and large intestine (Ulshen and Rollo, 1980;Rothbaum et al, 1982); they do not produce VT and are now mainly associated with infant diarrhoea in developing countries (Nataro and Kaper, 1998). EHEC produce VT and are associated with haemorrhagic colitis and the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) (Nataro and Kaper, 1998).…”

Section: Definitions and History Pertaining Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Descriptions of the histopathological appearance of intestines colonized by AE bacteria are consistent across species. These species include cattle (Hall et al, 1985;Moxley and Francis, 1986;Pospischil et al, 1987;Schoonderwoerd et al, 1988;Janke et al, 1989Janke et al, , 1990Pearson et al, 1989;Iijima et al, 1990), pigs (Helie et al, 1991;Neef et al, 1994;Higgins et al, 1997), rabbits (Polotsky et al, 1977;Peeters et al, 1984a), human beings (Ulshen and Rollo, 1980;Rothbaum et al, 1982), monkeys (Mansfield et al, 2001b) and poultry (Fukui et al, 1995). In general, bacteria adhere to enterocytes in an extensive or multifocal pattern and typically have a distinct, coccoid appearance (Janke et al, 1989).…”

Section: Detection and Diagnosis Of Ae Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attaching-effacing Bacteria in Animals

Wales

Woodward²,

Pearson

2005

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Enteric bacteria with a demonstrable or potential ability to form attaching-effacing lesions, so-called attaching-effacing (AE) bacteria, have been found in the intestinal tracts of a wide variety of warm-blooded animal species, including man. In some host species, for example cattle, pigs, rabbits and human beings, attaching-effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) have an established role as enteropathogens. In other host species, AE bacteria are of less certain significance. With continuing advances in the detection and typing of AE strains, the importance of these bacteria for many hosts is likely to become clearer. The pathogenic effects of AE bacteria result from adhesion to the intestinal mucosa by a variety of mechanisms, culminating in the formation of the characteristic intimate adhesion of the AE lesion. The ability to induce AE lesions is mediated by the co-ordinated expression of some 40 bacterial genes organized within a so-called pathogenicity island, known as the "Locus for Enterocyte Effacement". It is also believed that the production of bacterial toxins, principally Vero toxins, is a significant virulence factor for some AEEC strains. Recent areas of research into AE bacteria include: the use of Citrobacter rodentium to model human AEEC disease; quorum-sensing mechanisms used by AEEC to modulate virulence gene expression; and the potential role of adhesion in the persistent colonization of the intestine by AE bacteria. This review of AE bacteria covers their molecular biology, their occurrence in various animal species, and the diagnosis, pathology and clinical aspects of animal diseases with which they are associated. Reference is made to human pathogens where appropriate. The focus is mainly on natural colonization and disease, but complementary experimental data are also included.

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“…Until recently, EPEC were defined on the basis of exclusion; those diarrhoea-associated serotypes of E. coli which did not produce a recognizable toxin, were not invasive and which did not have colonizing fimbriae were considered to be EPEC. They are an important cause of acute and persistent diarrhoea in both developed and developing countries (Hill et al, 1991;Rothbaum et al, 1982;Robins-Brown, 1987) and are discussed further in Chapter 3.…”

Section: Enteropathogenic Escherichiu Coli (Epec)mentioning

confidence: 99%