A clinico-epidemiological study of scalp hair loss in children (0–18 years) in Kota Region, South-East Rajasthan

Abstract

Background: Currently, the studies related to hair loss in children showed the variable prevalence of different clinical patterns and causes of scalp hair loss, that had regional variation. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical pattern of scalp hair loss in children (0–18 years age group). Materials and Methods: A total of 300 children presenting with scalp hair loss were studied during a period of 1 year from April 2015 to March 2016. The results were recorded and analyzed. Results: The most common disorder found in this study was tinea capitis seen in 166 (55.33%) cases followed by alopecia areata, seborrheic dermatitis, pediculosis with secondary infection. Other uncommon causes were lichen planopilaris, tractional alopecia, telogen effluvium, nevus sebaceous, occipital neonatal alopecia, ectodermal dysplasia, scalp psoriasis, trichotillomania, and alopecia due to nutritional deficiency. Several other rare causes were identified in this study. Conclusion: This study showed that hair loss in children in our region is not an uncommon problem and results from a variety of causes. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent further hair loss and to avoid irreversible hair loss and scarring alopecia. As has been observed in this study, hair problem may be due to important nutritional deficiency. We should be aware of such presentation. These may be a clue to the diagnosis of systemic illness.

Hair loss in children: A clinicoetiological study from South India

“…Table 7 depicts the clinical profile of patients with tinea capitis in comparison with the previous studies. [ 1 8 9 11 15 ] There were four patients manifesting with more than 1 clinical type of tinea capitis in the present study which was labeled as the mixed type. Grover et al .…”

“…wherein majority of the cases (47%) occurred in 7–12 years of age. [ 1 8 ] Thus, this goes on to indicate that racial factors can influence the age of presentation in childhood alopecia. There was a slight male preponderance noted in our study which was like the study by Nnoruka et al ., however, Khitam Al-Refu and Sharma et al .…”

“…Table 6 illustrates the comparison of the present study with some of the earlier studies conducted on childhood alopecia. [ 1 8 9 10 11 ]…”

“…also reported the occurrence of a combination of gray patch and black dot in 0.6% of cases. [ 8 ] Coexistence of more than 1 morphological type of tinea capitis at a given time is considered quite rare. [ 15 ] We did not encounter the seborrheic type of tinea capitis in any of our patients unlike Nnoruka et al .…”

“…[ 1 15 ] Favus was not seen in any of our patients in concordance with other studies. [ 1 8 9 15 ] A total of 5 patients (7.69%) had previous episode of tinea capitis. Around 21 patients (32.3%) had one or more members of their family afflicted with tinea capitis who were mostly siblings of the patients.…”