This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and effect on serum levels of PGE2, NGF and TNF-α of the combination of Qu Yu Jie Du Xiao Zheng Decotion and Dydrogesterone in treating pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis. Sixty patients were randomly divided into three groups: Chinese medicine group, Western medicine group, and combination group. After treatment, the combination group showed significant relief of pain, and the apparent efficacy of menstrual pain, pelvic pressure pain, and palpable nodules was 70%, 83.33%, and 61.54%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. There were significant differences in serum TNF-α, NGF and PGE2 levels among the three groups after treatment. The conclusion was that the combination of Qu Yu Jie Du Xiao Zheng Decotion and Dydrogesterone could significantly improve the immune function of patients with endometriosis, regulate levels of nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin E2, thereby relieving pain.