A Clinical Study of the Evaluation and Assessment of the Etiology and Patterns of Ocular Injuries in Midfacial Trauma in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

The aim is to study the pattern of ocular injuries in midfacial trauma and to evaluate the overall incidence of ophthalmic injury of any severity following maxillofacial trauma. Methods and Materials The maxillofacial surgeon conducted routine facial examination of patients with midfacial fractures, which also included a detailed ophthalmologic examination of patients, at the time of initial presentation. These patients were then further evaluated by an ophthalmologist for thorough examination of the eye. Results The total number of recorded midface maxillofacial trauma cases was 181. Out of 181 patients, 161 had ocular injuries. Among 181 cases, 161 (88.95%) cases were due to road traffic accidents, which was the prime etiologic factor. Out of total 181 patients, 172 (95.03%) were males and 9 (4.97%) were females. The maximum number of cases were of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (44.75%) followed by nasal bone fractures (21.5%). Periorbital ecchymosis accounted for the maximum number of cases, amounting to 61.88%. Loss of vision or blindness was seen in eight (4.42%) patients. Conclusions The study stresses further on the importance of long-term and continuous data collection and record management of trauma patients, which may help health care providers with necessary information to develop treatment protocols and device measures for the prevention of complications.

Clinical and Social Features of Patients with Eye Injuries Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study from Crete, Greece

“…It is therefore possible that a significant number of eye injuries could be prevented or avoided. However, any effort geared towards increasing PED use compliance should take into consideration the specific social and occupational features of the residents of that region [ 31 ], as the occupational characteristics of each region’s population are very important in determining the major sources of ocular injury in that area [ 1 , 9 , 30 ].…”

“…Ophthalmic traumas include injuries of the eyelids, corneal and conjunctival abrasion, contusion of the globe, rupture, intraocular hemorrhage, optic nerve and orbital trauma, and retinal or chorio-retinal trauma [ 1 ]. According to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT), ophthalmic trauma can be classified into Open and Closed globe injuries [ 2 ].…”

“…They represent a significant burden to healthcare systems [ 4 ] and can reduce the quality of life of sufferers [ 5 ]. Of the 55 million estimated ocular injuries occurring yearly, approximately 750,000 require hospital admission, with 250,000 being open-globe injuries [ 1 ].…”

“…Ophthalmic trauma is associated with various factors, such as the geographic location, culture, and socioeconomic status of the population [ 1 , 6 ]. Many studies show that most eye wound injuries are work-related [ 7 , 8 ] and mainly occur among men as they are usually exposed to more higher-risk activities than women are [ 9 ].…”

The Pattern of Midface Fractures in Jordan: A Retrospective Review of Medical Records

“…Midface fracture incidence and trauma patterns vary across countries, due to socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors. [ 2 3 4 5 6 ] In a study conducted in Nepal, midface fractures were reported to primarily occur in orbital floor (22.3%) and zygoma (21.5%), followed by zygomatic arch (7.6%), nasal bone (7.0%), supraorbital (4.2%), LeFort I (2.1%), LeFort II (2.2%), and LeFort III (1.5%). [ 5 ] According to Al Ahmed et al .…”