A clinical, prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroquinone vs. placebo in the treatment of melasma

Haddad, Alessandra; Matos, Luiz Fernando Franklin de; Brunstein, Flávia; Ferreira, Lydia Masako; Silva, Ademir; Costa, D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01621.x

Cited by 116 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additionally, therapies that have shown at least some effectiveness in this condition are most commonly directed at either decreased production of melanin or improved degradation and elimination of the pigment. Until recently, these included topical preparations, such as bleaching agents [13], corticosteroids [14], and retinoids [15], as well as physical modalities, most commonly various chemical peels [16][17][18], dermabrasion [19], intense pulsed light [20], and ablative and non-ablative laser treatments [21][22][23]. However, the latter methods may result in significant epidermal damage, leading to stimulation of melanocytes at the periphery of the treatment area with subsequent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of melasma after fractional resurfacing

2008

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Background and Objective: Fractional photothermolysis is a popular treatment option for photodamaged skin and other cutaneous conditions. Recently, successful improvement in melasma has been achieved with this laser system. We undertook this study to evaluate the ultrastructural changes associated with fractional laser treatment of melasma. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ten subjects with skin types III and IV and a clinical diagnosis of epidermal melasma were treated with a 1,550-nm erbium:-glass laser delivering light in a fractional manner (Fraxel SR 750, Reliant Technologies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) every 2 weeks for a total of four sessions. Biopsies were obtained from all subjects both before treatment and at 3 months following the final treatment. All biopsies were analyzed by light and electron microscopy for treatmentinduced changes. In addition, a secondary endpoint of the study was to assess for clinical improvement in melasma following fractional resurfacing. This assessment was performed by the investigator using pre-and post-treatment photographs. Results: Light microscopy on post-treatment specimens showed a relative decrease in melanocytes compared to the pre-treatment ones. Post-treatment electron microscopy revealed fewer melanocytes and a relative absence of melanin in the surrounding keratinocytes compared to pre-treatment specimens. In addition, six subjects with skin type III were determined to have good improvement, whereas four subjects with skin type IV had fair improvement, as assessed by the investigator. Conclusion: Post-treatment ultrastructural changes are consistent with an elimination process and may help to explain clinical improvement following laser treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of melasma after fractional resurfacing

2008

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“…Hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) has been the conventional standard for treating hyperpigmentation for more than 40 years [53][54][55].…”

Section: Quinone-related Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin‐lightening agents – existing and new approaches

Gillbro¹,

Olsson²

2011

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

287

238

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SynopsisSkin-lightening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes to obtain lighter skin complexion. Clinically, they are also used for treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders such as melasma, café au lait spot and solar lentigo. All of these target naturally melanin production, and many of the commonly used agents are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, one of the key enzymes in melanogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of commonly used skin-whitening ingredients that are commercialized, but we also hypothesize on other mechanisms that could be important targets to control skin pigmentation such as for example regulation of the adrenergic and glutaminergic signalling and also control of tetrahydrobiopterins in the human skin. Ré suméLes produits éclaircissants sont disponibles dans le commerce pour des buts cosmétiques afin d'obtenir un tient plus clair. Ils sont égale-ment utilisés en clinique, pour le traitement de troubles hyper pigmentaires comme le melasma, les taches café au lait et le lentigo solaire. Tous ces produits ont pour cible la production naturelle de mélanine et beaucoup de ceux généralement utilisés sont reconnus comme des inhibiteurs compétitifs de la tyrosinase, une des enzymes clés de la mélanogénèse. Dans cette revue, nous présentons une vue d'ensemble des ingrédients généralement utilisés et commercialisés comme blanchissant cutanés mais nous formulons aussi l'hypothèse que d'autres mécanismes pourraient être des cibles importantes pour contrôler la pigmentation de la peau comme par exemple la régula-tion du signal adrénergique et glutaminergique ou le contrôle des tetrahydrobiopterines dans la peau humaine.

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“…This result corresponds with a previous study which demonstrated that the ability of glycolic and lactic acids to promote cell renewal decreased by 30-40% after 10 weeks of application 18 . Generally, both instrumental measurement and subject self-assessment are used to determine the efficacy of cosmetic products [19][20][21][22] . Instrumental methods are ideal at providing objective data on individual aspects of what the product does to the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maenthaisong¹,

Chaiyakunapruk²,

Warnnissorn³

et al. 2009

ScienceAsia

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Cleansing lotion containing 8% w/w tamarind pulp extract was prepared and tested for its clinical effects on skin properties. The study was performed using 38 healthy Thai female volunteers, and consisted of a home-use, doubleblind, randomized side of face and placebo controlled trial. The test product (emulsion with the extract) and the placebo product (emulsion without the extract) were applied and gently massaged on each side of facial skin for 2 minutes twice daily for 8 weeks and the difference in skin colour between test and placebo side of face was measured. In addition, redness, moisture content, pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of skin, adverse events, subject's satisfaction, and compliance of volunteers were assessed. We found that the melanin value on the side where the test product was applied was significantly less than that of the other side at week 4 (p < 0.015). The mean differences between the test and the placebo side of all skin parameters including melanin value, pH and moisture content elasticity were not significant (p > 0.05) at the end of study (week 8). Erythema and TEWL of the skin were not different between the side on which the test was applied and the placebo side indicating that the product was safe. In addition, most volunteers were satisfied with the cleansing effect of the product containing the extract.

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A clinical, prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroquinone vs. placebo in the treatment of melasma

Cited by 116 publications

References 9 publications

Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of melasma after fractional resurfacing

Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of melasma after fractional resurfacing

The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin‐lightening agents – existing and new approaches

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