A Clinical Evaluation of 10 Percent vs. 15 Percent Carbamide Peroxide Tooth-Whitening Agents

Kihn, Patricia W.; Barnes, Douglas M.; Romberg, Elaine; Peterson, K.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0061

Cited by 108 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is also essential to assess changes in color that occur during bleaching procedures. Among the various methods used to classify tooth color, the Vita shade guide is the most frequently used, 1,20 which justifies use of this guide in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Such aesthetic concerns, along with a range of options to treat discolored teeth (such as bleaching, metal free ceramic restorations, direct or indirect composite restorations), highlight the need for correct color classification to compare the effectiveness of these various treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,14 Although less accurate than digital systems, visual assessment with a shade guide is still the most common method used for color classification in longitudinal studies involving bleaching agents. [1][2] Nonetheless, there is a lack of peer-reviewed literature regarding validation of this method. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of tooth color measurement using visual assessment with a shade guide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Validation and Reliability of Visual Assessment with a Shade Guide for Tooth-Color Classification

Meireles¹,

Demarco²,

Santos³

et al. 2008

Operative Dentistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Operative Dentistry, 2008, 33-2, 121-126 SS Meireles • FF Demarco • IS Santos SC Dumith • A Della Bona Clinical RelevanceThe results of this study showed that the visual assessment of tooth color using the Vitapan Classical shade guide is a valid method for distinguishing between light and dark tooth colors. SUMMARYThis study evaluated the validity and reliability of the visual assessment of tooth color using a commercial shade guide. Ninety-two individuals were randomly selected from subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing two formulations of carbamide peroxide. Initially, each individual had the color of his or her six maxillary anterior teeth (n=552) determined by one examiner using a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade). Then, a visual assessment was made by two calibrated examiners using a shade guide (Vitapan Classical). Reliability was evaluated either by kappa coefficient when all the colors were grouped into two categories (dark and light) or by weighted kappa when all 16 colors of the shade guide were considered. The digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) was used as the gold standard to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the visual assessment. The reliability of the visual assessment using two color categories was "substantial" (k=0.69). When all colors of the shade guide were considered, the reliability was "mild" (kw=0.33). Sensitivity and specifici-

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validation and Reliability of Visual Assessment with a Shade Guide for Tooth-Color Classification

Meireles¹,

Demarco²,

Santos³

et al. 2008

Operative Dentistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Range of concentrations of CP available includes 15, 20, 22, and 30% solution. 17 Decrease in MHN leads to degradation of resin matrix which leads to discoloration of restorative resins. 6 Hence, the surface MHN of composite resins should not be changed after restoration in the mouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bleaching Agents on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composites

Francis¹,

Pradeep

Ginjupalli

et al. 2017

World Journal of Dentistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim:The aim was to compare the effect of 10 and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) on microhardness (MHN) and surface roughness of two commercially available bulk fill composites (X-tra fill Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill). Materials and methods:A total of 50 specimens with both type composites were prepared using brass molds of inner diameter 10 mm and a height of 4 mm. Each type of composite was further divided into three groups, control group stored in artificial saliva for 14 days, other groups bleached with 10 and 20% CP respectively, for 14 days. Microhardness of the composite resin was tested with a Vickers hardness tester, whereas surface roughness was tested with profilometer.Results: All the analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both 10 and 20% CP significantly reduced MHN of experimental composite resins. However, the mean surface roughness was significantly higher in X-tra fill Bulk Fill than Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill at 20% CP concentration. The mean MHN of Tetric EvoCeram was reduced when compared with X-tra fill at 20% CP. Conclusion:There was a significant reduction in the MHN of restorative materials observed after exposure to CP under a clinically simulated bleaching regimen. However, increase in surface roughness was seen only at 20% CP. Clinical significance:The physical properties, such as MHN and surface roughness have a crucial effect on the longevity of restorations and, moreover, on the esthetic demands of patients, but they may be compromised by bleaching treatments. The aim of this research paper was to assess the reaction of home bleaching agents on the physical properties of two Bulk Fill composite resin restorative materials.

show abstract

“…5 However, long-term clinical trials have shown that both 10% and 16% CP produced a similar whitening effect. 3 Moreover, a greater concentration of CP may also increase the side effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic potential of 10% and 16% Carbamide Peroxide in dental bleaching

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dental bleaching has become one of the most frequently requested esthetic treatments in dental offices. Despite the high clinical success observed with this procedure, some adverse effects have been reported, including a potential for developing premalignant lesions, root resorption and tooth sensitivity, especially when misused. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic response using a micronucleus (MN) assay, after the application of two concentrations of carbamide peroxide. Thirty-seven patients were divided into two groups and randomly received either a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (19) or a 16% carbamide peroxide (18) concentration for 21 days in individual dental trays. Gingival margin cells were collected immediately before the first use (baseline), and then 15 and 45 days after baseline. The cells were placed on a histological slide, stained by the Feulgen technique, and evaluated by an experienced blinded examiner. One thousand cells per slide were counted, and the MN rate was determined. The two groups were analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test. A slight increase in MN was observed for both groups, in comparison with the baseline, at 15 days. However, no difference was observed between the two groups (10% and 16%), at either 15 or 45 days (p = 0.90). When bleaching is not prolonged or not performed very frequently, bleaching agents containing carbamide peroxide alone will not cause mutagenic stress on gingival epithelial cells.

show abstract

A Clinical Evaluation of 10 Percent vs. 15 Percent Carbamide Peroxide Tooth-Whitening Agents

Cited by 108 publications

References 3 publications

Validation and Reliability of Visual Assessment with a Shade Guide for Tooth-Color Classification

Validation and Reliability of Visual Assessment with a Shade Guide for Tooth-Color Classification

Effects of Bleaching Agents on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composites

Genotoxic potential of 10% and 16% Carbamide Peroxide in dental bleaching

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About