A clinical episode demonstrating variable characteristics of pseudorabies infection in cattle

Beasley, Val R.; Crandell, Robert A.; Buck, William B.; Ely, R. W.; Thilsted, John P.

doi:10.1007/bf02278490

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The five different human enzymes have broad substrate specificity, oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols and reducing their corresponding carbonyl compounds. Specific inhibitors of these dehydrogenases would be useful for defining substrate specificity, for studying the physiological roles of the enzymes and for preventing the oxidation of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic products (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formamides Mimic Aldehydes and Inhibit Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Ethanol Metabolism

Venkataramaiah

Plapp

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Formamides are unreactive analogues of the aldehyde substrates of alcohol dehydrogenases and are useful for structure-function studies and for specific inhibition of alcohol metabolism. They bind to the enzyme-NADH complex and are uncompetitive inhibitors against varied concentrations of alcohol. Fourteen new branched chain and chiral formamides were prepared and tested as inhibitors of purified Class I liver alcohol dehydrogenases: horse (EqADH E), human (HsADH1C*2), and mouse (MmADH1). In general, larger, substituted formamides, such as N-1-ethylheptylformamide, are better inhibitors of HsADH1C*2 and MmADH1 than of EqADH, reflecting a few differences in amino acid residues that change the sizes of the active sites. In contrast, the linear, alkyl (n-propyl and n-butyl) formamides are better inhibitors of EqADH and MmADH1 than of HsADH1C*2, probably because water disrupts van der Waals interactions. These enzymes are also inhibited strongly by sulfoxides and 4-substituted pyrazoles. The structure of EqADH complexed with NADH and (R)-N-1-methylhexylformamide was determined by x-ray crystallography at 1.6 Å resolution. The structure resembles the expected Michaelis complex with NADH and aldehyde, and shows for the first time that the reduced nicotinamide ring of NADH is puckered, as predicted for the transition state for hydride transfer. Metabolism of ethanol in mice was inhibited by several formamides. The data were fitted with kinetic simulation to a mechanism that describes the non-linear progress curves and yields estimates of the in vivo inhibition constants and the rate constants for elimination of inhibitors. Some small formamides, such as N-isopropylformamide, may be useful inhibitors in vivo.Vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.1, ADH) 1 are involved in the metabolism of relatively non-polar alcohols and aldehydes (1). The five different human enzymes have broad substrate specificity, oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols and reducing their corresponding carbonyl compounds. Specific inhibitors of these dehydrogenases would be useful for defining substrate specificity, for studying the physiological roles of the enzymes and for preventing the oxidation of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic products (2-6).Formamides and sulfoxides are analogues of the carbonyl substrates, are bound preferentially to the enzyme-NADH complex, and are potent uncompetitive inhibitors against varied concentrations of alcohol (7-15). Uncompetitive inhibitors could be especially useful for controlling alcohol metabolism since they are effective even when the concentrations of alcohol are saturating. Previous studies identified some potent uncompetitive inhibitors for human (14, 15), horse (10,11,14,15), monkey (11), and rat (10, 11) liver alcohol dehydrogenases. We now extend the studies with 14 new branched-chain and chiral formamides in order to explore active site topologies and to make more effective inhibitors for the mouse (MmADH1) and human (HsADH1C*2) enzymes. For comparison, we also studied the potency of fi...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formamides Mimic Aldehydes and Inhibit Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Ethanol Metabolism

Venkataramaiah

Plapp

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Disease is fatal in many wild and domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, horses and mainly in swines. It is an acute viral disease characterized by central nervous system symptoms [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an acute viral disease characterized by central nervous system symptoms [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . The disease in cattle is commonly referred as "mad itch" because of the severe pruritus [2] . In 1902, it was first detected by Prof. Dr. Aladar Aujezsky in cattle and dogs in Hungary, therefore it is named as Aujeszky's Disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In disease transmission, domestic and wild swines are common natural hosts and the main infection sources [2,3,6,8,11,12] . However, domestic and wild carnivores, eat infected carcasses and constitute important infection sources for other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically in cattle, symptoms such as severe local pruritus, intensely licking the pruritic location and rubbing desire of this location to places, biting, plucking its own flesh (automutilation) are reported. Besides, symptoms such as increase in body temperature, discomfort, continuous bellowing, whirling around, convulsions, opisthotonus are also seen [2,11,12,[14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Van’da Bir İnekte Yalancı Kuduz (Aujeszky) Hastalığının İmmunohistokimyasal Teşhisi

Yıldırım¹,

Özkan²,

Yener³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aujeszky's disease, also known as pseudorabies, is caused by an alphaherpesvirus that infects the central nervous system and other system. Disease was first recognized as a fatal viral disease of cattle and dogs in 1902. The natural infections have been reported worldwide in swine, cattle, dogs and variety of wildlife species in more recent years. The study material was a 5 years old cow which was brought with symptoms such as skin itching, weakness, convulsions, fever and neurogical signs. As a result of the clinical examination the animal was suspected for Aujeszky's disease. Slaughter and necropsy were recommended. Subsequent to necropsy, tissues were fixed in formalin. Samples were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. According to the histopathological findings; diffuse, nonsuppurative inflammation of brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves were determined. Brain lesions were detected commonly in cerebral and cerebellar cortexes. Grey and white matter were both affected. It was observed marked perivascular lymphoplasmocytic cell infiltration, glial cell proliferation, Hyperemia and hemoragia in veins in brain and light chromatolysis have been identified in some neurons. Intranuclear inclusions were observed in neurons. On the skin itching region of animal, serofibrinous inflammation in the dermis and subcutis was detected. According to the immunohistochemical findings; immunoperoxidase was detected strong positive in cytoplasms of both neurons and glial cells in areas with meningitis in brain. Consequently; after clinical, macroscopical and microscopical examination, this case was diagnosed as Aujeszky's disease. The aim of this study is presenting this disease immunochemically as it has never been reported in cattle in Turkey. We believe that it would be appropriate to present this case report since it is the first Pseudorabies case in cattle in Turkey. Keywords: Aujeszky's disease, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Pseudorabies Van'da Bir İnekte Yalancı Kuduz (Aujeszky) Hastalığının İmmunohistokimyasal Teşhisi ÖzetPseudorabies olarak da bilinen Aujeszky hastalığı, etkeni alphaherpesvirus olan ve merkezi sinir sistemi ile diğer sistemleri enfekte eden bir hastalıktır. Hastalık ilk olarak 1902 yılında sığır ve köpeklerde ölümcül bir viral hastalık olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hastalık yakın zamanda tüm dünyada domuz, sığır, köpek ve çeşitli yabani hayvanlarda bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de sığırlarda bildirimi olmayan bu hastalığı immunokimyasal olarak ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın materyalini, halsizlik, deride şiddetli kaşıntı, yüksek ateş, şiddetli konvulziyon ve sinirsel semptomlara sahip 5 yaşında bir inek oluşturdu. Klinik muayene sonucu hayvanda Aujeszky hastalığından şüphelenildi. Hayvana kesim ve nekropsi önerildi. Nekropsi sonrası alınan dokular formalinde fikse edildi. Dokular histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Histopatolojik olarak; beyinde spinal kortta ve spinal sinirlerde diffuz non-suppuratif meningoensefalitis belirlendi. Beyi...

show abstract

Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies) in Ruminants

Wittmann¹

1989

Developments in Veterinary Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A clinical episode demonstrating variable characteristics of pseudorabies infection in cattle

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Formamides Mimic Aldehydes and Inhibit Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Ethanol Metabolism

Formamides Mimic Aldehydes and Inhibit Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Ethanol Metabolism

Van’da Bir İnekte Yalancı Kuduz (Aujeszky) Hastalığının İmmunohistokimyasal Teşhisi

Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies) in Ruminants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About