A Climate-Based Model for Predicting Geographic Variation in Swiss Needle Cast Severity in the Oregon Coast Range

Manter, Daniel K.; Reeser, Paul; Stone, Jeffrey K.

doi:10.1094/phyto-95-1256

Cited by 76 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Spring rainfall accounted for less of the spatial variation in P. gaeumannii abundance in the model than winter temperature because in western Oregon, as in much of New Zealand, spring rainfall typically occurs in abundance. The relationships found here between average temperature during June and CI showed considerable similarity with those found between CI and average temperature during winter (December-February) by Manter et al (2005) in Oregon. The relationships found between CI and winter temperature in New Zealand and Oregon have been plotted together in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This site had colonisation levels and needle retention more comparable to sites in the South Island. Winter temperature was significantly positively correlated with abundance of P. gaeumannii for both 1-and 2-year-old foliage, as has been reported for western Oregon (Manter et al 2005). To ensure that long-term averages were representative of conditions over the study period, additional analyses were undertaken using actual meteorological data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Winter temperature also has been identified as a factor positively correlated with spatial variation in abundance of P. gaeumannii in western Oregon. This is presumably due to its limiting effect on the rate of colonisation of needles and development of P. gaeumannii following infection (Manter et al 2005). Spring rainfall accounted for less of the spatial variation in P. gaeumannii abundance in the model than winter temperature because in western Oregon, as in much of New Zealand, spring rainfall typically occurs in abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…gaeumannii is widespread throughout New Zealand, but severity of Swiss needle cast disease varies with environmental conditions that influence infection and colonisation by the pathogen, as has been reported for western Oregon (Manter et al 2005). Ascospores of P. gaeumannii are released in the early summer, and most infection occurs in current-year needles during the first few weeks of shoot emergence (Hood and Kershaw 1975;Stone et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively abrupt appearance of Swiss needle cast in Oregon has puzzled pathologists because P. gaeumannii had not previously been associated with severe disease in forest plantations. Research carried out in the Oregon Coast Range to investigate factors influencing disease distribution demonstrated that ∼80% of the spatial variation in disease severity in 1-and 2-year-old foliage, as measured by the proportion of stomata occluded by pseudothecia, could be explained by two climate variables, winter mean daily temperature and spring cumulative leaf wetness (Manter et al 2005). This work led to the development of a disease prediction model based on winter temperature alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Stone

Hood²,

Watt³

et al. 2007

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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Abstract. Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast disease, is widely distributed throughout New Zealand, where the disease may cause significant growth losses in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantations. In western Oregon, where the pathogen is native, pathogen abundance and disease severity are correlated with mean daily winter temperatures and spring moisture, enabling the development of climate-based disease prediction models. The distribution of P. gaeumannii and severity of Swiss needle cast was surveyed in 16 Douglas-fir plantations throughout New Zealand in 2005. Retention of foliage was assessed in the field and samples of 1-and 2-year-old needles were collected for assessment of P. gaeumannii abundance. Foliage retention and abundance of P. gaeumannii varied across sites. Less colonisation by P. gaeumannii and greater needle retention was found in the South Island. Abundance of P. gaeumannii was found to be positively correlated with August minimum temperature and June average temperature, and showed a similar relationship to winter temperature as observed in western Oregon. These data will be used to derive a disease prediction model for Swiss needle cast in New Zealand that can be used to guide further research and provide short-and long-term disease risk predictions and cost/benefit analyses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Stone

Hood²,

Watt³

et al. 2007

Austral. Plant Pathol.

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Regional patterns of increasing Swiss needle cast impacts on Douglas‐fir growth with warming temperatures

Lee

Beedlow

Waschmann

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The fungal pathogen, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, causing Swiss needle cast (SNC) occurs wherever Douglas‐fir is found but disease damage is believed to be limited in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) to the Coast Range of Oregon and Washington (Hansen et al., Plant Disease, 2000, 84, 773; Rosso & Hansen, Phytopathology, 2003, 93, 790; Shaw, et al., Journal of Forestry, 2011, 109, 109). However, knowledge remains limited on the history and spatial distribution of SNC impacts in the PNW. We reconstructed the history of SNC impacts on mature Douglas‐fir trees based on tree‐ring width chronologies from western Oregon. Our findings show that SNC impacts on growth occur wherever Douglas‐fir is found and is not limited to the coastal fog zone. The spatiotemporal patterns of growth impact from SNC disease were synchronous across the region, displayed periodicities of 12–40 years, and strongly correlated with winter and summer temperatures and summer precipitation. The primary climatic factor limiting pathogen dynamics varied spatially by location, topography, and elevation. SNC impacts were least severe in the first half of the 20th century when climatic conditions during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (1924–1945) were less conducive to pathogen development. At low‐ to mid‐elevations, SNC impacts were most severe in 1984–1986 following several decades of warmer winters and cooler, wetter summers including a high summer precipitation anomaly in 1983. At high elevations on the west slope of the Cascade Range, SNC impacts peaked several years later and were the greatest in the 1990s, a period of warmer winter temperatures. Climate change is predicted to result in warmer winters and will likely continue to increase SNC severity at higher elevations, north along the coast from northern Oregon to British Columbia, and inland where low winter temperatures currently limit growth of the pathogen. Our findings indicate that SNC may become a significant forest health problem in areas of the PNW beyond the coastal fog zone.

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Environmental variables associated withNothophaeocryptopus gaeumanniipopulation structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington

Bennett

Stone

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The environment has a strong influence on the abundance and distribution of plant pathogenic organisms and plays a major role in plant disease. Climatological factors may also alter the dynamics of the interactions between plant pathogens and their hosts. Nothophaeocryptopus (=Phaeocryptopus) gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas‐fir, is endemic to western North America where it exists as two sympatric, reproductively isolated lineages. The abundance of this fungus and the severity of SNC are strongly influenced by climate. We used statistical and population genetic analyses to examine relationships between environment, pathogen population structure, and SNC severity. Although N. gaeumannii Lineage 2 in western Oregon and Washington was most abundant where SNC symptoms were most severe, we did not detect a significant relationship between Lineage 2 and disease severity. Warmer winter temperatures were inversely correlated with foliage retention (AFR) and positively correlated with the relative abundance of Lineage 2 (PL2). However when distance inland, which was strongly correlated with both AFR and PL2, was included in the model, there was no significant relationship between Lineage 2 and AFR. Spring/early summer dew point temperatures also were positively associated with total N. gaeumannii abundance (colonization index (CI)) and inversely correlated with AFR. Warmer summer mean temperatures were associated with lower CI and higher AFR. Our results suggest that the two lineages have overlapping environmental optima, but slightly different tolerance ranges. Lineage 2 was absent from more inland sites where winters are colder and summers are warm and dry, while Lineage 1 occurred at most sites across an environmental gradient suggesting broader environmental tolerance. These relationships suggest that climate influences the abundance and distribution of this ecologically important plant pathogen and may have played a role in the evolutionary divergence of these two cryptic fungal lineages.

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A Climate-Based Model for Predicting Geographic Variation in Swiss Needle Cast Severity in the Oregon Coast Range

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Distribution of Swiss needle cast in New Zealand in relation to winter temperature

Regional patterns of increasing Swiss needle cast impacts on Douglas‐fir growth with warming temperatures

Environmental variables associated withNothophaeocryptopus gaeumanniipopulation structure and Swiss needle cast severity in Western Oregon and Washington

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