A cleaner production of sodium hydrogen carbonate: partial replacement of lime by steel slag milk in the ammonia recovery step of the Solvay process

Pinto, Plínio César de Carvalho; Carvalho, Mariana Machado de Oliveira; Linhares, Fabiano Maia; Silva, T. R. da; Lima, Geraldo Μ. de

doi:10.1007/s10098-015-0973-2

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Technical, environmental, and economic aspects are most often evaluated for feasibility analysis of RECP alternatives (Alkaya and Demirer 2014;Madanhire et al 2014;de Carvalho Pinto et al 2015). In some studies the social criterion is also taken into account (Laforest et al 2013).…”

Section: List Of Symbols Ei Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating resource criticality assessment into evaluation of cleaner production possibilities for increasing resource efficiency

Malinauskienė

Kliopova

Slavickaitė

et al. 2016

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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A stable and secure source of raw materials is the key to any successful industrial activity. Resource criticality is often discussed in the context of the impact on the economies of certain geographic regions. However, the availability of required resources first of all concerns the competitiveness of industrial companies, especially in those countries which do not possess abundant natural resources. The Lithuanian economy relies heavily on imports since the country does not have abundant natural resources. The paper introduces resource criticality as an additional dimension for evaluating and prioritizing resource efficiency improvement options. Evaluation of resource criticality was integrated into the methodology for evaluation of Cleaner Production. Simple additive weighting (SAW) was used to solve the multi-criteria decision-making problem. The previous study on the natural resources that are imported to Lithuania revealed that metals are among the most important raw materials in terms of economic importance, supply, and environmental risks. Therefore, a typical metal processing company in Lithuania was selected for the detailed investigation of technological processes and Cleaner Production possibilities. The selected company processes about 3000 tons of various metals per year. The results of Process Material Flow Analysis show that most of the metal waste is generated during the metal plate cutting process (about 30.3 % of total metal consumption). Three resource efficiency improvement alternatives were evaluated and compared. The suggested decision support system was tested in order to decide on a definitive solution. The results reveal that evaluation of resource criticality in terms of geostrategic supply risk and economic importance can be used as an advantageous criterion to support the prioritization of Cleaner Production alternatives.

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Section: List Of Symbols Ei Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating resource criticality assessment into evaluation of cleaner production possibilities for increasing resource efficiency

Malinauskienė

Kliopova

Slavickaitė

et al. 2016

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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“…Along with soda, however, this process gives a large quantity of production wastes so-called distiller fluid in the form of highly mineralized suspension, which is a serious disadvantage of the method [17]. The Solvay process involves the aqueous reaction of NaCl, CO2, and NH3 rendering, after five steps, sodium carbonate as well as solid and liquid wastes [18]. Selimović et al, investigated the application of sediments from the Solway process as a possible precipitate since it contains a certain amount of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation and Separation Cations from Binary Aqueous Systems using Waste Sludge from the Solway Process

Junuzović¹,

Selimović²,

Bеgić³

et al. 2020

IJRASB

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In addition to soda, the Solway production process yields large amounts of waste sludge that contains a high percentage of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2. In this paper, solid waste sludge from a soda factory in Bosnia and Herzegovina of a certain granulation was used to remove metal ions from the binary system initial concentrations of 500 mg/L. The research results showed that the precipitation efficiency for the binary system Cu-Ni was 99.810% at a pH of 11.42 for Cu 2+ and 99.896% for Ni 2+ at a pH of 10.86, while for the binary system Pb-Zn it was 99.84% at the same pH value of 10.64. This research has shown that it is very difficult to separate and remove metal precipitation from binary systems because the optimal pH for one metal does not correspond to another metal.

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“…This results in high energy consumption. 5 Overall, the Solvay process has the following shortcomings: (1) The total energy consumption reaches up to 13.6 GJ/ton soda ash, including 2.8 GJ for calcining limestone. 6,7 It is much higher than the theoretical minimum work in reaction1, i.e., 0.52 GJ/ton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soda ash can be obtained by calcining NaHCO 3 to release a CO 2 molecule between 160–230 °C . The carbonation mother solution containing NH 4 Cl was regenerated by CaO to recycle NH 3 and discharge CaCl 2 : …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One disadvantage of the Solvay method is the need to calcine limestone at high temperatures (950–1100 °C) to obtain CaO and collect CO 2 for carbonation. This results in high energy consumption . Overall, the Solvay process has the following shortcomings: (1) The total energy consumption reaches up to 13.6 GJ/ton soda ash, including 2.8 GJ for calcining limestone. , It is much higher than the theoretical minimum work in reaction , i.e., 0.52 GJ/ton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soda Ash Production with Low Energy Consumption Using Proton Cycled Membrane Electrolysis

Xie

Liu

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Soda ash, as one of the most important chemicals, is mainly manufactured by the Solvay process. However, the Solvay process consumes energy at a rate of up to 9.7–13.6 GJ/ton Na2CO3. Here, we present an energy-saving method to produce soda ash in a proton cycled membrane electrolysis (PCME) process. After forming H+ and OH– at the anode and cathode in electrolysis process, respectively. The H+-containing solution is used to react with CaCO3 to obtain pure CO2, which is absorbed by the OH–-containing catholyte to generate soda ash with a purity of 99.2%. Our experiments found that the voltage required for PCME was 0.538–0.765 V at 10 mA/cm2, and the average current efficiency was up to 93.7%. Therefore, the energy consumption in soda ash production can be reduced to 5.32 GJ/ton soda ash, a decrease of about 60.9% compared with the Solvay process.

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A cleaner production of sodium hydrogen carbonate: partial replacement of lime by steel slag milk in the ammonia recovery step of the Solvay process

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Integrating resource criticality assessment into evaluation of cleaner production possibilities for increasing resource efficiency

Integrating resource criticality assessment into evaluation of cleaner production possibilities for increasing resource efficiency

Precipitation and Separation Cations from Binary Aqueous Systems using Waste Sludge from the Solway Process

Soda Ash Production with Low Energy Consumption Using Proton Cycled Membrane Electrolysis

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