A Classification of the Fishes of the Family Myctophidae

Bolin, Rolf L.; Fraser-Brunner, A.

doi:10.2307/1437605

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The 700-mb and 500-mb normals show that this trough slopes to the east with increasing height and at 500 mb appears at the longitude of the cold souice. One would expect a weak 500-mb trough induced by the flow of the summer westerlies over the relatively low mountains to the north of the Tibetan Plateau to appear just to the west of this longitude (Bolin 1950). The advective mode!…”

Section: (B) Summermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the influence of large-scale asymmetries of non-adiabatic heat'ng and cooling on mid-tropospheric flow is calculated to be of the same magnitude as the influence of broad mountain areas. Charney and Eliassen (1949) and Bolin (1950) have concluded that the orographic influence on 500-mb motions is of primary importance whereas Sutcliffe (1951) in a qualitative argument contends that the thermal influence dominates. It must be said that the present quantitative study does not conclusively support or refute either point of view.…”

Section: C) Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…r DYNAMICAL INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS 343 by various investigators that orography (e.g., Rossby 1939, Haurwitz 1940, Charney and Eliassen 1949, Bolin 1950, heat sources and sinks (e.g., Rossby 1939, Haurwitz 194C, Sutcliffe 1951, Bleeker 1950, Wippermann 1951, or variable surface friction at coast lines (e.g., Eady and Sawyer 1951) are responsible for at least a portion of these disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dynamical influence of large‐scale heat sources and sinks on the quasi‐stationary mean motions of the atmosphere

Smagorinsky

1953

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

254

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SUMMARYThe classical convective theory for the influence of large-scale zonally asymmetric heating and cooling on the quasi-stationary mean motions is re-examined and shown to be inconsistent with observation. Scale considerations indicate that the classical mechanism cannot be applied to heating on a scale larger than that responsible for "sea-breezes. In analogy with the theory of orographically produced stationary disturbances, heat sources and sinks of planetary dimensions produce quasi-static and quasi-geostrophic pertuilxitions. A thermally active mode! is constructed in which all motions except those of large scale are filtered out a priori. The small perturbations produced by an idealized large-scale distribution of heat sources and sinks acting on a horizontally uniform baroclinic zonal current confined between rigid horizontal planes are then studied. The influence of surface friction is taken into account. Calculations are also performed on a model with no friction and on the assumption that entropy is adverted horizontally. The results generally show good agreement with those for the more general model. When the stratosphere is taken into account, the disturbances in the upper troposphere are reduced in magnitude. The conditions for resonance in the absence of friction are determined. The passage through the resonant state is shown to modify significantly the character of the motions. The observed normals are discussed at some length in light of the theoretical computations. It is found that the magnitude and spatial distribution of the model disturbances display substantial correspondence with observation when allowance is made for orographic effects. Finally a method is suggested for quantitatively deducing the three-dimensional field of non-adiabatic heating and cooling from the observed normal maps by dynamical considerations.

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Section: (B) Summermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C) Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%