A Classification of Injuries of the Nasal Skeleton

Stranc, M.F.; Robertson, G. A.

doi:10.1097/00000637-197906000-00004

Cited by 91 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Nasal fractures are the commonest fracture in the facial skeleton 1–3. Associated injury to the nasal septum is found in more than 90% of nasal fractures 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The force would be dissipated into the ethmoidal air cells, which act as a further crumple zone. Fractures of the vomer–ethmoidal region, situated posterior to the nasal septal cartilage, are also common fractures in nasal trauma 2, 3, 8. Therefore, questions arise as to whether the nasal septum acts as a supported strut or a crumpled zone to protect the brain during nasal trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformation of nasal septum during nasal trauma

2010

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The maximum stress areas in the nasal septum are in the vicinity of the bony-cartilaginous (BC) junction and the anterior nasal spine (ANS), which are consistent with clinical experience. A larger anteroposterior load, a longer loading duration, and a more acute VEJ angle would result in higher maximum stresses. The observations were identical in both idealized and patient-specific models. The findings of this analysis also suggest that the septum does function as a crumpled zone, absorbing a significant amount of stress before it is transmitted to the skull.

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“…Nasal fractures are the commonest fracture in the facial skeleton 1–3. Associated injury to the nasal septum is found in more than 90% of nasal fractures 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of nasal septum during nasal trauma

2010

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“…Cranial bone fragments were found both in the middle fossa and the orbit. Stranc lateral oblique type left nasal bone fracture with depression of bone and a mildly and inferiorly displaced (1-2 mm) fracture near the midline of the left sphenoid sinus roof were noted [9]. Strikingly, no optic sheath hematoma or ON bony impingement was observed.…”

Section: Preoperative Radiographymentioning

confidence: 90%

Reconstruction of Complex Cranial and Orbit Fractures with Associated Hemorrhages: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Caras

Alexander

Young

et al. 2020

Cureus

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We present our experience following a unique case of coincident intracranial hemorrhage and comminuted fractures of both the squamous temporal bone and zygomaticofrontal orbit. Surgical techniques and outcome for this presentation have yet to be sufficiently described. A 55-year-old male presented following trauma with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7. Radiographic evaluation revealed comminuted fractures of the squamous temporal bone with extension into the lateral orbit, along with zygomatic process fracture extending 2.5 cm medially into the orbital roof. Zygomaticofrontal orbital roof fragments reached superiorly into the middle cranial fossa and inferiorly into the orbit. Surgical intervention was deemed necessary to address underlying epidural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, correction of cranial bone defects, and decompression of the optic nerve and other intraorbital nerves. A frontotemporal approach was employed. Repair of temporal and orbital fractures was accomplished using a combination of wire mesh screws and titanium miniplates. Postoperative imaging demonstrated bony approximation and successful evacuation of traumatic hemorrhage. The patient remains functionally and neurologically intact apart from a sluggishly responsive left eye presumed to result from a left optic nerve or ciliary ganglion lesion. Although rapid reconstruction of complex cranial-orbital trauma and hematoma evacuation can permit acceptable gross functional neurological outcome following massive trauma, orbital fracture and subsequent hemorrhagic processes may be the nidus of neurological sequelae in this complex traumatic constellation. Thus, alterations in surgical approach and reconstruction are appropriate in order to maximize neurological function while supporting restoration of cosmetic space.

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“…The status of the airway, and the degree of softtissue and cartilaginous involvement should be described. It is not necessary to describe a nasal fracture separately if a nasoethmoid orbital fracture is present, but the same details of the nasal portion of this complex fracture should be described in the modifying description, particularly when comminution of the nasal bone(s) is present 18,24 .…”

Section: Nasal Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of classification systems have been devised for specific types of facial fracture, including frontal sinus fractures 25 , orbital fractures, nasal fractures 18,24 , nasoethmoid orbital fractures 5,10,17 , zygomatic arch fractures 8,11 , zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures 4 , palatal fractures 7 , mandibular condyle fractures 14,23 and pterygofacial (Le Fort) fractures 2,13,16 . These are generally very coherent, but each is limited to the portion of the facial skeleton of concern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%