A classification for congenital limb malformation

Swanson, Alfred B.; Swanson, Genevieve deGroot; Tada, Koichi

doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(83)80249-4

Cited by 134 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In 1976, the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand classified RLD within Category I, which describes a failure of formation of parts (Swanson 1976). In 1987, Bayne and Fig.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Deficiency

Alphen

Moran

2014

The Pediatric Upper Extremity

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Radial longitudinal deficiency (RLD) is a congenital disorder characterized by hypoplasia of both the radius and soft tissue structures on the preaxial side of the forearm. Clinical presentation can vary within a spectrum of severity ranging from mild cosmetic deformity to complete absence of the radius and thumb. Despite over 250 years of investigation, current surgical treatment of this disorder is still inadequate in restoring "normal" function and appearance within the wrist. Shortcomings in surgical management have made a standardized treatment algorithm for RLD controversial; however centralization and radialization remain the mainstay of surgical treatment. This chapter will attempt to provide an overview of the deformity and present a review of treatment options.

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Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Deficiency

Alphen

Moran

2014

The Pediatric Upper Extremity

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“…Tibial ray deficiency, radial ray deficiency, and ulnar ray deficiency are classified in the category of longitudinal deficiencies (Swanson, 1976;Ogino, 1996). These deficiencies can be induced in rat embryos by treating pregnant rats with a teratogen at a critical time point (Ogino and Kato, 1993;Ogino, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental abnormalities in rat embryos leading to tibial ray deficiencies induced by busulfan

Otsuji

Takahara

Naruse

et al. 2005

Birth Defects Research

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“…In 1976, Swanson's classification was adopted as the standard system by which congenital hand anomalies are described by the International Society for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH) (Swanson, 1976;Swanson et al, 1983) (Table 1). It was derived from ideas existing in the 1970s regarding limb embryology and is largely based on morphological appearance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Swanson classification of congenital limb anomalies (Simplified fromSwanson et al, 1983) Fig 1 Increasing severity of symbrachydactyly (fromMaisels, 1970).THE JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY VOL. 31B No.…”

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confidence: 99%

Description of Congenital Hand Anomalies: A Personal View

Tonkin

2006

Journal of Hand Surgery

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A series of four congenital hand cases exhibiting central clefting are presented. The cases are morphologically similar and exhibit characteristics of both symbrachydactyly and central longitudinal deficiency. The cases demonstrate difficulties in classification by either the IFSSH classification system or the JSSH modification of it. An alternative descriptive approach to classification is suggested.

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A classification for congenital limb malformation

Cited by 134 publications

References 17 publications

Radial Deficiency

Radial Deficiency

Developmental abnormalities in rat embryos leading to tibial ray deficiencies induced by busulfan

Description of Congenital Hand Anomalies: A Personal View

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