A class of novel laser dyes: Triphenodioxazines

Shu-Ling, Chen; Zhu, Zhaojie; Chen, Kongchang

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(89)90495-1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…In this study, we utilized tree allometric equations (Chen & Zhu, 1989;Wang, 2006) to quantify aboveground biomass (Table A3). Forest productivity was subsequently quantified as aboveground biomass increments between every two adjacent inventories (Ouyang et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Temporal Stability Of Productivity (Ts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Species asynchrony stabilizes productivity over 20 years in Northeast China

Jia

Wang

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The stability of forest productivity can reflect the functioning of forest ecosystems. It is a crucial topic to understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions in ecology. Although previous studies have made great progress in understanding the effects of diversity, species asynchrony, and other factors on community biomass and productivity, few studies have explored how these factors affect the temporal stability of productivity. In this study, we hypothesized that diversity, species asynchrony, and topography would directly or indirectly impact the temporal stability of productivity. To test this hypothesis, we used a multiple regression model and a piecewise structural equation model based on the inventory data over 20 years (5‐year intervals) from 1992 to 2012 at Jingouling Forest Farm in Northeast China. Our results showed that species asynchrony was the main driving factor affecting the temporal stability of productivity. Structural diversity significantly decreased community stability, while species diversity had a nonsignificant effect on it. We found the combination of a multiple regression model and a piecewise structural equation model is an effective method for evaluating the factors that influence community stability. The effect of species asynchrony is crucial for understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying the diversity–stability relationship in mixed forests.

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Section: The Temporal Stability Of Productivity (Ts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Species asynchrony stabilizes productivity over 20 years in Northeast China

Jia

Wang

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Lasers

Photonics

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The LASER light source, whose name is based on "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", is the most important device in almost all photonic applications. First built in 1960 [6.1-6.5] it allows the generation of light with properties not available from natural light sources. Modern commercially available laser systems allow output powers of up to 10 20 W for short times with good beam quality and of several kW in continuos operation, usually with less good beam quality. Very short pulses with durations smaller than 5 · 10 −15 s, wavelengths from a few nm in the XUV to the far IR with several 10 µm, pulse energies of up to 10 4 J and frequency stability's and resolutions of better 10 −13 can be generated. The laser prices range from $ 1 to many millions of dollars and their size from less than a cubic mm to the dimensions of large buildings.The good coherence and beam quality of laser light in combination with high powers and short pulses are the basis for many nonlinear interactions, but the laser is a highly nonlinear optical device itself, using nonlinear properties of materials as described in the previous chapters. Therefore, the fundamental laws treated in Chap. 2 for the description of light as well as the description of linear and nonlinear interactions of light with matter in Chaps. 3, 4 and 5 are the basis for the analysis of laser operation and its light properties. Therefore, the theoretical description of laser devices represents an application of these laws and can be presented in this chapter in a compact form. For details the related sections of the previous chapters should be consulted. The different lasers and their constructions, as well as the resulting relevant light and operation parameters, are described and the consequences for photonic applications are discussed. Finally, possible classifications are given and safety aspects are mentioned. For further reading see [M6, M16, M17, M23-M25, M27, M28, M30, M33, M43, M44, M49, M50, M58-M65].

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Lasers

Menzel¹

2001

Photonics

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A class of novel laser dyes: Triphenodioxazines

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Species asynchrony stabilizes productivity over 20 years in Northeast China

Species asynchrony stabilizes productivity over 20 years in Northeast China

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