A Class of Indices and a Graphical Tool to Monitor Temperature Anomalies

Bárcena‐Martín, Elena; Molina, Julián; Hueso, Paloma; Ruíz-Sinoga, José Damián

doi:10.1177/1178622120938384

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This agrees with all the reports related to the IPCC panels (e.g., [30,31]) from recent investigations related to climate change in Mediterranean cities and all over the world [32]. Our results agree with previous studies related to heat islands and aridity published in these cities (e.g., [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]), although we have to also consider that less commuting during the shutdown may have resulted in less heat waste, resulting in a slightly reduced urban heat island effect and thereby reducing local temperatures. Therefore, it is difficult to confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had an impact on air temperatures in the highly populated cities in Spain in 2020 due to the reduction of human activities and, subsequently, transport.…”

Section: Air Temperature During 2020 and Reference Years In Highly Populated Cities In Spainsupporting

confidence: 94%

A Regional Geography Approach to Understanding the Environmental Changes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Highly Populated Spanish Cities

Rodrigo‐Comino

Senciales-González

2021

Applied Sciences

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Spain has been highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is reflected at different scales. From an economic point of view, lockdowns and the reduction of activities have damaged the country (e.g., complete lockdown from March 13 to June 21, 2020). However, it is not clear if the associated environmental impacts could be observed in 2020. Currently, studies on the effects of the lockdown (e.g., decrease in economic activities, transport and social communication) on specific parameters related to climate change, such as air temperature or air pollution, due to a drastic decrease in human activities are rare. They are focused on specific cities and short periods of time. Therefore, the main goal of our research will be to assess the records of air temperature and air quality during the whole of 2020 compared to references from previous years (30 years for air temperature and 10 for air quality). We paid attention to the possible effects of the reduction of activities (e.g., tourism and transport) in March, April and May and the different restrictions of each lockdown in Spain. To achieve this goal, five urban climate stations with long-term time series within the most populated cities of Spain were analyzed (Barcelona, Madrid, Málaga, Sevilla and Valencia). We conclude that it is possible to affirm that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the atmospheric conditions in 2020 are not clear and not strictly focused on the lockdown or reduction of activities in these urban areas. No evidence of a reduction in the annual air temperature was found, and only a minimum reduction of rates of pollutants was registered in the highly populated cities of Spain. Therefore, it is worth confirming that these changes could be affected by other factors, but on a global scale and not directly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering recent studies on the relationships between air pollutants, temperature and the spreadability of COVID-19, green policies must be further imposed in urban cities, since temperatures do not stop increasing year by year.

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Section: Air Temperature During 2020 and Reference Years In Highly Populated Cities In Spainsupporting

confidence: 94%

A Regional Geography Approach to Understanding the Environmental Changes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Highly Populated Spanish Cities

Rodrigo‐Comino

Senciales-González

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…For many applications where minimum temperature values are directly required (as opposed to relative values), such as in the study of tropical disease transmission and epidemics [35,36] or the occurrence and onset of frost for agriculture production [37], these biases could be significant enough to prohibit their use directly. However, given the relatively high correlation of daily values, for applications where only relative anomalies are required, such as for the calculation of trends and indices [38], CHIRTS minimum temperatures may already be fit for purpose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Satellite-Based Air Temperature Estimates at Eight Diverse Sites in Africa

Parsons

Stern²,

Ndanguza

et al. 2022

Climate

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High resolution satellite and reanalysis-based air temperature estimates have huge potential to complement the sparse networks of air temperature measurements from ground stations in Africa. The recently released Climate Hazards Center Infrared Temperature with Stations (CHIRTS-daily) dataset provides daily minimum and maximum air temperature estimates on a near-global scale from 1983 to 2016. This study assesses the performance of CHIRTS-daily in comparison with measurements from eight ground stations in diverse locations across Africa from 1983 to 2016, benchmarked against the ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis to understand its potential to provide localized temperature information. Compared to ERA5 and ERA5-Land, CHIRTS-daily maximum temperature has higher correlation and lower bias of daily, annual mean maximum and annual extreme maximum temperature. It also exhibits significant trends in annual mean maximum temperature, comparable to those from the station data. CHIRTS-daily minimum temperatures generally have higher correlation, but larger bias than ERA5 and ERA5-Land. However, the results indicate that CHIRTS-daily minimum temperature biases may be largely systematic and could potentially be corrected for. Overall, CHIRTS-daily is highly promising as it outperforms ERA5 and ERA5-Land in many areas, and exhibits good results across a small, but diverse set of sites in Africa. Further studies in specific geographic areas could help support these findings.

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“…Precipitations are scarce and erratic and limit water availability for irrigation in Andalusia (Martinez & Blanco, 2019). The climate models create prerequisites addressing different kinds of environmental monitoring and analysis (Blanco, 2017;Bárcena -Martín et al, 2020). Soil water is the link between surface precipitation and groundwater, and plays an important role in the formation, transformation, and consumption of the arid land water resources (Cheng et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and chemical properties of the technosols in the pot experiment with waste and groundwater irrigation

Gonzalez,

Kharytonov,

Sinoga

2024

Journ. Geol., Geogr., and Geoec..

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Mediterranean areas are characterized by a strong spatial variability that makes the soil hydrogeological logical response highly complicated. Some seasons provoke dramatic changes in soil properties determining the runoff rates, such as soil water content or soil water repellency. In recent years, important progress has been made in adapting water needs to local conditions through the use of various parameters to assess soil water status. Estimation of the water status of the soil has been widely used in soil science as a tool for quantitative analysis. The main objective of this case study was to analyze technosol and irrigation water physical and chemical properties in the pot experiment with lysimeters. A pot experiment with Avocado rootstocks was equipped with lysimeters in the facilites of the «La Mayora Experimental Field site» of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (Spain). The scheme of the pot experiment included three sources of irrigation: a) groundwater; b) regenerated municipal wastewater (100%); c) a mix of ground and regenerated municipal wastewater (50 / 50%). Chemical analysis data indicate that the reclaimed wastewater does not meet irrigation requirements in terms of pH, EC and due to the significant content of sodium and chlorine. Even groundwater satisfies irrigation water qualitative requirements partially. The suitability of irrigation water on pH level can be characterized mainly as unsuitable and doubtful. Diluting regenerated wastewater with groundwater following the 50% principle led to a decrease in the potential risks for salinization of groundwater connected with leaching of the leachate. The dynamics of the change in the volume of leachate are related to precipitation, the frequency of irrigation, and different manifestations of the physical, mineralogical, and chemical properties of technosols.

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A Class of Indices and a Graphical Tool to Monitor Temperature Anomalies

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

A Regional Geography Approach to Understanding the Environmental Changes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Highly Populated Spanish Cities

A Regional Geography Approach to Understanding the Environmental Changes as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Highly Populated Spanish Cities

Evaluation of Satellite-Based Air Temperature Estimates at Eight Diverse Sites in Africa

The physical and chemical properties of the technosols in the pot experiment with waste and groundwater irrigation

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